Information technology in business company. Information technologies in modern business. Stages of development of information technologies in business

There is one famous saying: "Every science is as much a science as it has mathematicians." Today, something similar can be said about the relationship between business processes and information technology. The vast majority of business processes are as efficient as they are supported by efficient and optimal IT solutions.

The business has come to this state relatively recently. Just 10-15 years ago, the introduction of IT technologies into business went through stages that sound strange today:

1. "Initial infection of business with information technology." There was a time when IT was really perceived by the subjects of business processes as a toy, a new fashion, a more powerful, but incomprehensible and complex calculator.
I still remember the old school accountants who trusted more iron adding machines, and it was a nice time when "harmony" reigned between IT specialists (commonly called programmers) and business units. Nobody interfered with each other.
But then young accountants (losers who did not learn how to count on arithmometers and calculators at institutes) began to demand that PCs do not freeze, that the program counts faster, that the printing of forms complies with GOSTs, so that (oh my God!) Two employees can simultaneously work with one database .
IT specialists met the new time with enthusiasm, which infected the management with a willingness to approve new staffing tables and costs for servers, SCS, modems and even color laser printers worth of a new car.

2. "Taking control." All good things come to an end sometime. The time has come to justify IT budgets, plan IT expenses, and in some places even transfer IT departments to self-sufficiency (then IT outsourcing was born from this). The user became more capricious, he felt like a client (who is always right). And even top managers had such an infantile-consumer attitude towards IT.
Financing was taken under control, but information technology was still included in the organization's business processes as a fraction of disparate stand-alone applications that somehow helped and even accelerated the receipt of data and reports on the management's desk. Nevertheless, this is the stage of a serious (not experimental) integration of information technologies into the company's business processes.

3. "Data Management"- the stage of understanding the role of IT in business as the main tool for the effective management of information, information flows.
Data is no longer “processed with the help of IT”, data, together with operations on them (described in business processes), form an information system, and IT infrastructure provides efficient work in the interests of business information systems of the enterprise.

4. "Maturity"- the stage to which enterprises have been going for years, and which now should be implemented within a few months after the start of the business unit, and even better, a few months before the start.
Maturity is when all the information flows that form an information system are just a reflection of the structure of the enterprise and all its business processes.
That is, IT ceases to be just a tool-stick (before, even the term was “crutch”). The role of information technology in business has changed. Now IT is a business, an integral part of it, earning not money to buy servers, but in general ALL the money for the company.
At this stage, top managers can no longer "transfer arrows" to the system administrator (or IT manager) when tasks are not completed due to broken email.
And for an IT manager, metrics and KPIs are tied to the results of the entire company, and not just to the uptime of servers. This is the stage of shared responsibility and understanding that IT (information technology) is a generic term for business technology.

Next stage is when IT generates new business models through global penetration and comprehensive information access. It is possible that in 10 years it will be completely inappropriate to ask whether there is a business and business processes outside the Internet (or whatever it will be called then).

For a rapidly developing market with its multifaceted infrastructure, business information technologies are perhaps the most in demand, universal, ensuring the progress of the entire market.

You will learn:

How information technology affects business development.
How information technology has evolved in business.
What information technologies are applicable in small and medium business.
What are the prospects for the development of information technology in the business environment.
How to ensure the protection of information technology.

How the development of information technology affects business

Information Technology in business - one of the main trends in the implementation of the information bank modern society. Technological progress and new technologies, accelerating the collection and led to several stages of IT evolution. At present, there has been a change in the direction of IT development from improvement technical means to work with information to increase business efficiency.

More recently, the information resource was not so significant for the development of the company. For effective management, the personal participation of the leader of the company was enough. It did not require an extensive network of managers and systematic data research. Significant decisions were made by company leaders based on experience and intuition. The analysis of information data on the activities of the company did not play a decisive role. Only large companies introduced analytics centers to the staff, which prepared generalized data for decision making. The rapid development, improvement in quality, and increase in the reliability of computer technology have led to the fact that the role of information technology in business has increased dramatically.

The diagram shows the main reasons for improving IT, which are based on computer and telecommunication technologies:

Universal interaction and mutual penetration various directions global economy has a beneficial effect on the integration of business processes. Business information technology (IT/IS) facilitates rapid mobile access with rich analytics, trade interoperability and business management needs both within a country and across continents. Sometimes this can create difficulties for regional and national enterprises: a client who has promptly received the necessary information about a product with all its characteristics and prices can instantly make a decision and make a deal around the clock, regardless of location. The main thing is that access to the Network is continuous and of high quality.

Factors that dramatically influenced the business environment by the end of the 20th century

crossroads	Transforming Industrial Economies	Enterprise transformation
Global integration and centralization of business. Competitive relations between countries and companies. Powerful development of global information networks. Distributed group work. International agreements and standards.	Economic interaction based on a complex of knowledge and an information bank. The strategic value of information. Knowledge as the basis of productivity and quality. New products and services. , based on the speed of making the optimal decision. Increasing the intellectual level of the staff as a whole.	Informal goals and commitments. Decentralization and flexibility. local independence. Expansion of powers. Reducing the cost of transactions through information marketing. Shifting focus from technology to consumer.

The market has become open on a global scale. Therefore, in a tough environment, without systematic continuous information support and modern means of communication, none of the companies, regardless of its profile and scale, can feel secure.

Stages of development of information technologies in business

The evolution of information technology in business is divided into several stages, which have their own characteristics. quality features. Undoubtedly, the main goal that led to the emergence and development of IT is to satisfy the individual and corporate interests of business people. The current stage of IT development is rooted in the early 90s of the 20th century. That time can be considered a breakthrough in the field of IT: IS rapidly developed, local, regional and global networks appeared and rapidly progressed. Characteristic signs of IT development in the specified period:

formation of standards, agreements, protocols in the field of computer development and telecommunications;
development of distributed IS;
emphasis on shaping access to strategic information;
work on the means of protecting and organizing the security of corporate information.

Currently the main objective promotion of information technologies in business - the creation of IT of such a level that will allow solving any strategic tasks, implementing process management information systems (PMIS) and supporting the adoption business decision(ISPR).

The advent of personal computers has become a significant milestone in the development of IT. When creating new information systems the main guideline is the possibility of the most complete satisfaction of the individual user, comprehensive support for his decisions. The user in this situation is an active figure in the promotion of IT. With his direct contact with the developer in the development of IT, a high result is achieved that satisfies both parties. In this case, both centralized and decentralized data processing takes place, focused on solving local problems and interacting with the database at the workplace of an individual user.

Currently, the use of information technology in business is aimed at mass and rapid processing of information. They should help the head of the company in making rational decisions, protect him from possible surprises of the changing market, create conditions for competitive struggle and success in the end.

The most famous and widespread technological means of IT development in the present period are "Internet / Intranet" ("latest") technologies. Distributed systems, global, regional, local networks are actively used in various fields of technology, science, production, and business. The modernization of the internal structure of the IS and the creation of a microprocessor core led to a serious evolution of communication facilities for both domestic and cultural purposes. The speed of response to external changes is closely related to the coordinated interaction between specialized departments and services. In the case of two-way continuous communication and information exchange, they can act effectively and efficiently in various areas.

The use of information technology in business creates the conditions for managing and coordinating large amounts of information. This qualitatively improves the performance of the manager. Managing the continuous flow of information, obtaining information from primary sources in a timely manner, progressively growing company can make a breakthrough in any area of business, unlike firms that do not pay due attention to the development of IT.

Information technology that changes the way companies operate
Former rule	new rule	Technology
Information can appear in one place at one time	Information can appear and be requested anywhere at any time when it is needed.	Distributed databases and data warehouses, search engines, technologies for searching for given information
Situation assessment services can only be performed by trained analysts	Analytical work can be performed by a generalist	Expert systems
Choose between centralization and decentralization	Application of two forms of organization of management and production with maximum use of the advantages of each method	Distributed work in groups, telecommunications and networks
All decisions are made only by top managers and responsible managers	Decision-making becomes part of the work of each employee responsible for his area of work	Decision support tools, access to knowledge bases and repositories, knowledge systems
Availability of specially equipped rooms for searching, receiving, analyzing, storing and transmitting information	Widespread use of personal IP. Receiving and sending information from the place where users are located	Internet / Intranet technologies, fiber optic and satellite communication systems, mobile systems
Contact with the buyer mainly through a personal meeting	Initially virtual contact with a potential buyer - the possibility of a preliminary study of the characteristics of the client	Interactive interaction, databases, polling and preference systems
In order to find a certain entity, you need to know where it is	Entities tell you where they are	Search systems, mobile agent systems
Compiled plans are not revised or revised under the pressure of force majeure	Plans are reviewed and adjusted promptly, as necessary and adequately to the requirements of the consumer	Expert systems, flexible planning and risk management systems, high-performance computers

Changes in the main positions of business under the influence of IT

At present, IT is characterized by:

the use of powerful platforms and hardware complexes for organizing a management system and information support for business and production, the use of databases and a knowledge repository with a huge amount of information in all areas of the development of society, the presence of specialists who create programs to perform certain tasks of a particular company;
the presence of technological capabilities that provide interactive access for any user to information resources: open (Free) and corporate systems information search (Information Retrieval Systems - IRS), government and commercial communication systems, global (Global Network Systems), national (NNS) and regional (RNS) information and computing networks;
availability of international agreements, standards and data exchange protocols;
the rapid progression of IT, through which the work of databases, information repositories for various purposes, multifaceted systems and objects, hypermedia is structured;
the formation of local and problem-oriented IS based on high-performance servers and local computing systems;
inclusion in the IS of specialized user interfaces for interacting with expert systems (Expert System - ES), decision support systems (Decision Support System - DSS), execution support systems (Executive Support System - ESS), machine translation systems (Translating Computer System - TCS ) and other technologies and means.

What information systems and technologies are suitable for small and medium-sized businesses

Small and medium-sized businesses, in comparison with large holdings, have a number of features that play a positive role in the competitive environment:

Ability to quickly respond to customer requests.
The ability to make a management decision in a short period of time and implement it.
The ability to quickly and flexibly adapt to changes in the business environment.
Instant reaction to the risk of information leakage.

These prerogatives are most typical of customer service firms in the restaurant and hotel business, tourism, services, trade (shops selling household appliances and tools, food, pharmaceutical products), consulting (services in the field of finance and law) and various small industries.

The impact of information technology on small and medium business embodied in solving a number of typical problems:

Tasks	Information Technology
The need to continuously improve the level of customer relationships (strategic priority in customer relationships, increase sales)	CRM systems, call centers
Increasing the possibilities of coordinating business processes and interaction in the company structure, reducing costs	Automation of business processes (logistics, sales, accounting, finance), IT outsourcing, IP telephony
Business protection	Implementation of integrated information security systems

Information technologies that give advantages to medium and small businesses (by industry):

CRM system

Practitioner tells

Information technology helps to manage business

Alexander Volchek,

commercial director of Megaplan, Moscow

Through information technology in business, we have the opportunity to accumulate all the information about the activities of the company and debug the relationship of business processes. But most importantly, we can delegate to computers a significant part of the work previously performed by people. As a result, with the help of information systems, we managed to reach an unusually high level of organization of the company's work.

The most important section is between departments (for example, between the supply service, the financial department and administrative department). In addition, the information system can analyze any data (starting with information about goods and services and ending with information about the time spent by each employee on a particular section of work) and predict future performance. Also, through the information system, it is convenient to conduct planning - both strategic and tactical. The manager sets the task, assigns responsible persons, sets intermediate and final dates, determines performance indicators. All tasks can be combined into a single project, linking them to each other, and setting a time frame for it.

In addition, information technology in business provides transparency of work. The information system contains information about who is responsible for what, what has been done for each task. This is important not only for top managers. Such a system stimulates ordinary employees to improve the quality of work, personal development, the implementation of plans and the achievement of goals.

With well-conducted automation, the client will get the impression that it is he who is given the most attention. A good IT system is open to the customer: he can work in it, see the company from the inside, express his opinion or influence some decision. All this will increase the confidence of the client and convince him to purchase your products. By working with partners and contractors, you'll save time sharing information, keep accurate records of revenues and costs, and much more.

Trends and prospects for the development of information technologies in business

Information technologies in business processes have five main areas that meet the requirements of the time:

Globalization. Opportunity to conduct business using IT on a global scale, with the receipt of operational information without restrictions. Interstate integration in the production of a software product and the creation of an information services market. Additional prerogatives in the increasingly widespread distribution of IT to geographic regions as a predictable business strategy.
Convergence. Universality and universality of the information product and the means of its creation for professional, domestic use, in the field of goods and services. Consolidation of all IT capabilities (transmission and reception of digital, audio and video signals) in one system and devices.
IP improvement towards the complication and expansion of the functions of the information product and its carriers: hardware and software systems, databases, groups that create, test and promote IS. However, despite the continuous expansion of the range of tasks that are solved in the process of using IT, a trend is being realized aimed at simplifying the visible part of the software product. Communication between the user and the system is becoming more and more friendly, intuitively predictable.
Interoperability. The exchange of data between information systems, between the system and the user, online processing of data of almost any degree of complexity with the issuance of the finished result have become the leading trends in the development of IT. And modern hardware and software systems are able to solve the tasks assigned to them with virtually no restrictions.
Elimination of intermediate links (Disintermediation). The developed physical and software infrastructure of the IS simplifies the ability to transfer information to the consumer. When bidding and receiving feedback from the client is easily done with the help of IT, there is no need for intermediaries.

Thus, the impact of information technology on business involves:

implementation of data processing tasks, if there is access to the source of information and IS for its analysis;
Availability modern systems communications that ensure the interconnection and interaction of user workplaces for the operational transmission of information;
the availability of open access to the global information space, the elimination of any obstacles to interaction in the business environment;
availability and continuous improvement of the system electronic orders and sales;
comprehensive use of social networks.

The presence of a certain interest of the business environment in the development of IT and the improvement of the information culture of companies are due to general trends in evolution external environment and improvement of forms of organization of production. All this leads to progressive changes in the management system.

The most significant trends in improving enterprise management and their impact on the use of IT are presented below.

Leading companies in the most significant sectors of the economy seek to ensure the implementation of IT at every stage of their activities: in the interaction between the internal links of their structure and between the company and the consumer. Let's present the main directions of development in the field of IT.

Production. The enterprises themselves, working in the field of IP production, can form up to 25% of the demand for software and IT services. It should be emphasized that the most innovative, industry-focused, and most intelligent projects are generated in this segment.

The highest percentage of IT projects already implemented in practical use, associated with the activities of SAP, engaged in the development software systems, outsourcing of users, upgrading of physical devices and systems, test analysis, creation and promotion of dynamic application programs.

Understanding the importance of IT for the rapid development of the market, leading companies in Russia and the West seek to control the key processes of IT evolution. Let's highlight some of them:

"Internet of things". This is a direction in the information space, when production establishes an online connection with employees, computers, sensors, machines. At the same time, continuous (24/7) access to the production management system and analytical information is provided. About 40 Russian enterprises use the domestic system for monitoring operating equipment. This allows you to build machine-to-machine interaction and, in addition, control the quality of equipment operation, the degree of its workload, create and analyze reports in real time.
Robotization. By using lead automation production processes entrepreneurs tend to minimize the number of employees. And this is understandable, since such a step leads to cost reduction. According to research conducted by a Boston-based analytics company, over the next 10 years, the level of robotics will grow by an average of 10.4% per year. According to the structure of demand, the leading positions are occupied by robots engaged in welding, assembly, loading and unloading and other similar works. This is approximately 10.1% of all robots sold in a year.
Virtual and augmented reality. These are technologies designed to simplify the testing and promotion process. unique products on the market, including their post-sales support. Application example - creating a clear walkthrough for the operation and support of the product based on the 3D model. At the same time, it is possible to visually present the perspectives of a product that has not yet been created or produced.
3 D-print. Even in the recent past, this technology allowed the production of only small parts. In recent years, 3D printing has already been used in the most critical and expensive areas of production. The well-known major aviation corporations Boeing and Lockheed Martin have widely introduced laser sintering and melting techniques into the production of ventilation systems, load-bearing components and a number of assemblies. jet engines. Another major firm, Local Motors, is successfully producing car bodies using 3D printing. 3D printing technologies significantly increase labor productivity and reduce the cost of production.

Trade. The crisis has significantly stimulated the development of IT in retail. Currently, in this sector, the role of information technology in business is most obvious. By applying IT, retail businesses are able to reduce costs and communicate effectively with consumers. However, traditional outsourcing for small trade enterprises still costly. Therefore, they often use more dynamic models of IT services, focusing them on specific areas of their activities. And yet, the tendency for retailers to use more expensive, but time-tested Western software products to the detriment of domestic producers of programs and equipment, unfortunately, still persists.

In Russia, the most significant trend recent years in the field of trade automation - the introduction of an online cash register. The information generated by online cash desks for all transactional processes must be submitted by trading companies to the tax service. The transfer of this information is regulated new edition federal law dated May 22, 2003 No. 54-FZ “On the application cash register equipment when making cash settlements and (or) settlements using electronic means payment”, which came into force in 2017.

The main areas of trade automation are: the creation of personal recommendation services for customers, the launch and widespread use of self-service terminals, the use of cloud archives and CRM solutions to control the work of warehouses and organize logistics activities, and the introduction of a biometric payment system. Recently, the Azbuka Vkusa chain of trade enterprises, together with the Sberbank of Russia, has introduced a system for accepting payments by fingerprints at one of the sites.

The largest Russian and Western locomotives of the market at the current stage assign a decisive role to information technologies in the business sphere for the following areas:

Creation and promotion of mobile applications. These developments contribute to the establishment of operational interaction between company employees and customers. In the summer of 2017, the Perekrestok chain of stores launched mobile app to optimize their activities. As a result, now customers can accumulate points for purchases in the application and pay with them at the checkout. To do this, the cashier scans the card directly from the application on the client's phone.
Combining online and offline data collection formats using BigData, which creates additional conditions for increasing the number of sales. IN mall Metro Future Store each customer is offered a store discount card. When a customer comes to shop, he puts this card in the "smart basket". Taking into account past purchases, the system issues recommendations or visualizes a list of purchased goods that was previously generated by the client in personal account. Approximately five years ago, Perekrestok gave the details of the transactional activities of 2 million cardholders to the British agency Symphony EYC for analysis. The recommendations that emerged as a result of the research were applied by the trading network in ten targeted marketing campaigns, during which 1.5 million customers received personalized sms, emails, and flyers by mail. The target audience Perekrestok increased purchases by a quarter.
Promotion of payments for purchases through mobile devices. Wherever there are PayPass or PayWave marks, contactless payments are made. This is most common in Moscow and cities with large populations. For example, contactless payments are widely practiced by the L'Etoile retail chain.
Mastering the format of online stores without completely abandoning traditional offline forms (for example, in Russia, stores household appliances and electronics "M.Video" and "Eldorado" develop both formats).
The use of cloud information banks in their activities. For example, in Czech trading network selling fashionable clothes Reserved and Cropp, camera data is integrated with the cash register and stored in the cloud. Cloud storage not only quickly finds data on individual stores, but also records the time of visits by customers and cash transactions.

How companies save with IT. Let's take a look at the economic benefits of outsourcing IT functions with a specific example of supporting user workstations. Let's compare two possible options for organizing the process - creating conditions for obtaining licenses and supporting jobs on their own. Licensing of 1,000 jobs will require nearly 15 million rubles. in year. 7 million rubles will be required to improve the infrastructure. in year. As a result, the cost of supporting one workplace will be approximately 1850 rubles. per month.

At the same time, depending on the implementation technology, it will take approximately 1-1.5 thousand rubles to organize a virtual workplace. per month.

It turns out that by delegating the job support service to outsourcing, the business owner will save 350-850 thousand rubles. per month for every thousand jobs.

How to ensure the protection of information technology in business

Understanding the great role of information technologies in business, its representatives want their use to be reliable and safe. The elementary actions that small businesses take are to install protection against email spam and computer viruses. The viral problem on the Internet is now perhaps more acute than the problem of catching a cold in the winter. Moreover, in contrast to the stage of the emergence of virus programs, when they clung to sites with pirated or frivolous content, now infection can occur immediately after a user enters the global network. At the same time, virus attacks are far from the last threat to the information security of companies. Hackers - that's who you really need to be afraid of. And, of course, it is necessary to pay the most serious attention to the physical safety of data that can disappear if the components of a personal computer and storage media break down or if unauthorized persons (sometimes your employees) act incorrectly.

IT threats for small and medium businesses

Increasing the role of information technology in business processes requires more and more attention and control over the work in the IT infrastructure. Measures taken to protect information should be applied systematically, continuously, and concern all links and activities of the company.

It must be taken into account that protection should not be excessive. There are often two extremes:

Position 1. "So that the fly does not fly." Employees are blocked from accessing the Internet. The launch of most programs is possible only after the personal participation of the system administrator. All electronic documents encrypted. Of course, in such a company there is no reason to be afraid of virus attacks, but business processes will not be able to develop normally due to constant overestimation of control and high costs of maintaining security.

Position 2. "Now it's not up to safety." A casual visitor in the office can view almost any document, even confidential ones stored on digital media. Nobody uses passwords for access. As a result, the computers of this company are constantly infected with viruses and Trojans. In such an organization, there is always the risk of an “unexpected” loss of the database and, accordingly, the loss of customers (all contacts of the latter will migrate to competitors). Moreover, money may disappear from bank accounts.

The optimal way out of these extremes is as follows:

Before choosing a security strategy that will operate in your company, understand in detail the existing systems security.
When considering the recommendations of the head of security and the head of the IT department, keep in mind that in order to secure and save themselves from unnecessary work to combat virus threats, they can impose on you a product that is very expensive, but not always useful.
Collect proposals from the heads of functional departments, their opinions on the necessary structure of information security. Ultimately, you will be able to more objectively assess which of the systems is the most suitable for installation in your structure, so that information protection is effective, but does not interfere with the main activities of the company.

Depending on the degree of risk of occurrence and severity possible consequences In the field of IT security, there are four groups of threats:

high threat - big damage. In order to be sure to protect yourself in this situation, you need to create and constantly maintain the backup database stores of the entire system.
High threat - little damage. The probability of a threat in this variant is normal. No additional action is required.
Low threat - high damage. Purchasing an insurance policy that covers all possible losses- a fairly effective way out.
Low threat - little damage. There is no need to respond to these risks.

Practitioner tells

Every third small company is attacked on the Internet

Julia Grekova,

Head of Representative Office of Check Point Software Technologies in Russia and the CIS, Moscow

The Internet Security Alliance (USA) analyzed the frequency and risks of virus threats. According to its data, every third person is attacked on the Internet. small firm and only every sixth large. Other data provided by the Yankee Group is as follows: 40% of small businesses understand the need to protect computers from attacks by hackers and viruses as an important aspect of business. However, almost half of them, due to a lack of financial resources, do not update their protective equipment in a timely manner. But with such a high level of cybercrime, ignoring data protection systems can lead to serious consequences for small businesses.

Information about experts

Sputnik Labs founded in 2001. The main specialization is consulting in the field of customer relationship management (starting with strategy development, technology selection and ending with user adaptation, motivation and training). Among the clients: Ingosstrakh, Renaissance Insurance, Impexbank, Moscow Credit Bank, MDM-Bank, etc.

"Protek" company is a Russian distributor of pharmaceuticals and health and beauty products. Founded in 1990; The regional network of the company includes 40 branches, 39 representative offices and 24 depots. Protek works with more than 900 leading pharmaceutical manufacturers from 46 countries. Permanent partners - more than 18 thousand pharmacies, pharmacy chains and medical institutions. Protek is a six-time winner of the highest professional award pharmaceutical market Russia - "Platinum ounce" in the nomination "Distributor of medicines", as well as professional awards in the field of IT and logistics.

Evgeny Kurin, individual entrepreneur, Tutaev (Yaroslavl region). IP Kurin E.V. Field of activity: insulation works. Number of employees: 10. Gross income for the first five months of work: 3 million rubles.

Julia Grekova head of the representative office of Check Point Software Techologies in Russia and the CIS in Russia and the CIS, Moscow. Check Point Software Technologies in Russia and the CIS. Field of activity: Information Security. Form of organization: LLC. Territory: Moscow, Kyiv. Number of personnel: 13 (in representation). Seniority of the head of the representative office in the position: since 2004. Participation of the head of representative office in business: a hired manager.

Actual problems of aviation and astronautics. Information Technology

V. V. Krinitsyna, L. N. Sidorova Supervisor - A. P. Bagaeva Siberian State Aerospace University named after Academician M. F. Reshetnev, Krasnoyarsk

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN BUSINESS

The role of information technology in business is considered and an analysis of popular programs that automate business processes in enterprises is carried out.

Today, information technology has an impact on all aspects of business. Many firms are involved in the development of information technologies and high profitability of projects in the industry. High-quality information support of any management process economic activity is possible only with the full use of all the achievements of scientific and technological progress. First of all, this concerns the application in the practice of analysis of the latest information technologies: computer equipment, software and telecommunications.

The main task This work is a review of the main programs that automate work in business.

The information system is an information service system for employees of management services and performs technological functions for the accumulation, storage, transmission and processing of information. An automated information system is a collection of information, economic and mathematical methods and models, technical, software, technological tools and specialists, designed to process information and make management decisions. The use of automated information systems is especially important in the management of the financial division of the company. The use of automated information systems allows you to: optimize work plans; make decisions quickly; maneuver clearly financial resources etc. .

The main component of an automated information system is information technology. The development of information technology has increased the number and level of databases on CD-ROM and online, providing both quantitative, in particular statistical and detailed financial information (for example, Datastream, FAME, Eurostat, nOmIS), and qualitative, such as information on markets and competitors provided by news services (eg Nexis, McCarthy, Reuters Business Briefing). The number of sources of information is growing at an incredible pace, and in the process of finding information, firms rely on the use of online search tools such as Lycos, created by Carnegie Mellon University, WebCrawler, or InfoSeek. The quality of information depends on the quality of the information system and the professionalism of the people responsible for the inputs.

data . The coordinated work of all devices of the information system and their interaction with a person is ensured by the software of the automated workplace of the analyst. Software is divided into general software and functional software. The basic software tools for creating functional software for an analyst's workstation are software for preparing texts (text editors or word processors), software tools for preparing spreadsheet documents (spreadsheet processors or electronic statements), software tools for automating work on creating and maintaining databases, searching for the required information for preparing various documents. In practice, integrated functional software packages have become widespread in practice, including a word processor, a spreadsheet processor, a DBMS, as well as a specific command file for setting up software on specific mode information processing. This allows you to organize the work of an economist at an automated workplace in the “menu” mode with maximum consideration of his professional requirements, combining holistic processing of numbers, texts and graphics, as well as other business information.

Holding financial analysis large organization "manually" does not seem effective, but very important. Currently, there are many programs on the domestic market that allow you to automate the process of organizing and conducting financial analysis.

A comparison was made of three common programs that automate financial analysis: "Audit Expert 4", "INEK-Analyst", "1C: Rarus: Financial Analysis 1.1.". The program "1C-Rarus: Financial Analysis 1.1" is used to: analyze the indicators of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise; formation of arbitrary reporting in the form of tables, graphs and diagrams. The program "INEK-Analyst" differs significantly from software products of a similar class in that the result of working with it is a comprehensive financial and economic analysis current state enterprises, and well-prepared, meeting the requirements of leading Russian and international financial institutions business-

Section "Information and economic systems"

plan. "Audit Expert 4" ensures the preservation and use in the work of all previously obtained results of financial analysis and all implemented methodological developments. Thanks to this, the program can be successfully used as an optimal solution for analyzing the financial condition in large companies, in the bank and in audit practice . An analysis of the three most common software products in the domestic financial IT market, which allow automating the financial analysis procedure, suggested that the Audit Expert 4 program is more intended for large enterprises due to its great potential.

Any software production company designs, develops and implements complex solutions for automating business processes in enterprises. Automation of business processes is, first of all, automation of management, which allows you to increase the efficiency of each individual employee and the entire organization as a whole, control customers, statistics, accelerate internal and external business processes through a single management environment, control financial

cash flows, forecast demand and plan supply. All the considered programs have similar functions. New technologies provide new sources, methods for delivering and exchanging information, and new ways of manipulating information. As information technology continues to change the nature of transactions and other business transactions, enable chain linking through e-commerce, and facilitate collaboration and alliance building, it is becoming increasingly important to develop the skills to manage information as a resource and a commodity.

1. Titorenko G. A. Automated information technologies in the economy. M., 2008.

2. Grabaurov V. A. Information technologies for managers. M. : Finance and statistics, 2009.

3. URL: http://www.science-education.ru/download/2009/03/2009_03_099.pdf.

UDC 669.713.7

O. A. Lishutina, A. A. Paramonova Supervisor - A. P. Bagaeva Siberian State Aerospace University named after Academician M. F. Reshetnev, Krasnoyarsk

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SPHERE OF MANAGEMENT

The work contains material about information technologies, brief description new information technologies and systems used in the field of management.

The main direction of the restructuring of management and its radical improvement, adaptation to modern conditions has become the massive use of the latest computer and telecommunications equipment, the formation of highly efficient information and management technologies on its basis. New technologies based on computer technology require radical changes organizational structures management, its regulations, personnel potential, system of documentation, fixing and transfer of information. Of particular importance is the introduction of information management, which expands the possibilities for companies to use information resources. The most obvious way to increase the efficiency of the labor process is its automation.

The purpose of this work is to study new information technologies in the field of management and to find out the areas of their most effective application.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were formulated:

1) find information about technological support;

2) identify new information technologies and systems;

3) give a brief description of these technologies;

4) find out in which areas it is best to apply these systems;

5) name the advantages of each of these systems.

The object of research is information technologies and systems in management.

New possibilities of information systems in management appeared in connection with the intensive development of information technologies. The basis of the new information technology is distributed computer technology, "friendly" software and advanced communications .

The concept of new information technology should be based on three main principles: integration, interactivity and flexibility.

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money matters

In addition to quickly and accurately compiling balance sheets, computers help firms to financial planning, analysis and forecasts. They produce minute-by-minute capital reports to ensure that the company's assets are being used to their maximum potential.

Digital departments

Most companies consist of a certain number of departments. For example, a manufacturing company may consist of a department of management, marketing, production department. The company's computers ensure the successful operation of each department and the communication between them.

Management

Without computers, the firm would not be able to search for all the necessary information. Computers store information on every aspect of a firm's operations and provide managers with constant access to information.

Staff

Computers greatly facilitate the work of personnel administrators. The machines automate payroll and claims processing.

Marketing

Using a wide range of business programs, the marketing department can make forecasts and develop a new marketing strategy.

Production

In manufacturing, computers are used for inventory, quality control, price analysis, and production planning.