But this is not the only difference. If earlier buyers walked through the malls in the open air, now they go down in panoramic elevators. In general, the shopping complex Okhotny Ryad» one of the few in the world where you can walk on the roof. The fact is that this is an underground shopping center.
The first project for the construction of the Okhotny Ryad shopping complex and the reconstruction of the Neglinka riverbed was developed by B.G. Ulkin. Although the project was approved, it was not feasible. Psychologists, based on numerous studies, concluded that the proposed depth (42 meters) would cause panic among visitors, and proposed limiting the complex to three levels instead of seven. The Neglinnaya River also could not be released from the collector, as this could provoke a local ecological catastrophe. And the concept of using the area for theaters, museums and children's towns, proposed by the architect, generally paid off only after 40 years. Since B.G. Ulkin did not compromise, he was removed from the construction (there is a version that he himself refused).
The new architect - Dmitry Lukaev - proposed to build a shopping center, raise part of the first floor above the ground, arrange a cascade of fountains imitating a river bed, line the banks with stone and install sculptures. He also invited Zurab Tsereteli.
Perhaps this provoked a wave of indignation and controversy around the construction: they said that the surrounding buildings would settle or collapse. In fact, in order not to harm the historical monuments of the center of Moscow, the buildings and communications were examined, and the work was carried out as delicately as possible. In 1997, the Okhotny Ryad shopping center opened and became a laureate international competition MIPIM AWARDS.
Now more than 100 outlets. Each floor imitates a certain historical era, and the deeper you go down, the deeper the “cultural layer” opens up to you.
The ground part is separated from the forged grating according to the drawing by F.M. Shestakova.
Here, for tourists, Neglinka is released from the ground, but put into fountains (although in fact it is not Neglinka at all - it is still enclosed in a pipe). At the same time, the river bed is decorated with mosaics and sculptures based on Russian folk tales and fables: “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Bear and the Wolf”, “The Fox and the Crane”, “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “Sister Alyonushka and Brother Ivanushka”, “The Frog Princess”, “The Firebird and Vasilisa -princess", " gray neck", "Mermaid". All of them belong to the hand of Zurab Tsereteli, which is why this piece of the Neglinka was popularly called the “River-Zurabka”.
The finished complex was dubbed “a stone trough with water and numerous Disneyland characters”, and the sculptor was accused of blocking the view of the Okhotny Ryad hotels and Moscow.
The once large, still classical square filled with spatial pathos has turned into a bourgeois promenade in a cheap Crimean resort, where citizens can have a cultural rest, having fun with beer, seeds and sculptures of Alyonushka and ducks.
And although all the criticism fell on the sculptor, Dmitry Lukaev was painfully worried about the situation. Shortly after the opening of Okhotny Ryad, the architect fell seriously ill and died. And the wits continued to scold Tsereteli.
Pygmalions are not in the price,
Other Galateas now,
Everywhere they flaunt
Creations Z. Tsereteli.
And on the dome protruding above the ground, there is a clock showing the world time. In 24 hours, the dome makes a full rotation, and at any time you can find out the time in different cities of the world. It's simple: each sector with a number corresponds to one hour, and minutes can be determined by the lamps (one lit lamp - 5 minutes).
Do you have something to add to the history of the construction of the Okhotny Ryad shopping center and the creation of the decorative bed of the Neglinka River?
Okhotny Ryad metro station is the closest metro station to Red Square. It is located on the territory of the Tverskoy district of the capital between the stations of the Sokolnicheskaya line "Lubyanka" and "Library im. Lenin.
Station history
The Okhotny Ryad station was put into operation as part of the first launch section of the Moscow metro Sokolniki - Park Kultury on May 15, 1935.
Until 1938, the station operated a forklift to the stations "Comintern" (now "Alexander Garden") and "Library named after Lenin". After the Arbat radius began to walk along its own line, the branch to the Alexander Garden began to be used only for official needs. In the 90s, a shopping center was being built under Manezhnaya Square, during which this tunnel was half filled.
Until December 30, 1944, the transition to the Teatralnaya station was made through a common lobby. On the eve of 1945, an underground passage was opened.
On November 29, 1959, an exit from the station to the underground passage was built, by the way, the very first underground passage in Moscow, located under Okhotny Ryad. After another corridor crossing to Teatralnaya was opened on November 7, 1974, both crossings began to work in one direction only.
Name history
The station is named after Okhotny Ryad Street. In the XVIII-XIX centuries, Okhotny Ryady Square was located on the site of today's street. Hunters' prey was sold on the square: poultry, game, animal skins. In the 19th century, the square began to perform exclusively commercial functions: hotels, taverns, warehouses and shops were built here. In 1956, the square was transformed into a street, which from 1961 to 1990 was part of Karl Marx Avenue.
On November 25, 1955, the Okhotny Ryad metro station was renamed in honor of L. M. Kaganovich. The fact is that Kaganovich took an active part in the construction of the Moscow Metro, which began to bear his name. In 1955, it was decided to give the Moscow metro the name of Lenin, and it was necessary to assign at least some station to Kaganovich. But in 1957, Kaganovich was removed from all government positions, and already in the fall of the 57th station, the former name "Okhotny Ryad" was returned.
On November 5, 1990, the original name was returned. Okhotny Ryad is the only Moscow metro station that has been renamed 4 times in its history.
Station Description
The main decoration of the station are pylons made in the form of multifaceted double columns. The floor is covered with gray granite. The station is illuminated by globular chandeliers located on the ceiling of the central hall and above the landing platforms.
In the eastern antechamber, a portrait of K. Marx, made from mosaics in 1964 by Eugene Reichzaum, has been preserved.
Specifications
Okhotny Ryad is a three-vaulted pylon station. It is the smallest deep station of the Moscow Metro. The station is located at a depth of 15 meters. It was built by mining on an individual project using monolithic concrete. The method of construction is called "German". Its essence lies in the fact that the walls of the station are first erected, and then vaults are placed on them.
At the time of construction, Okhotny Ryad was the largest station in the world in terms of area. Initially, the construction of the central hall was not even included in the project, which was already altered during construction work.
Vestibules and transfers
The Okhotny Ryad metro station has a transfer to the Teatralnaya station of the Zamoskvoretskaya line. In the central hall of the station there are escalators, along which the transition is carried out. The eastern vestibule of the station is combined with the station "Teatralnaya", respectively, the transition can be made through the vestibule. Despite the fact that another station, namely "Revolution Square", is included in the transfer hub, there is no direct transition between the stations.
The eastern vestibule overlooks the Theater Square.
West lobby - underground. It has access to Manezhnaya Square. You can get into this lobby directly from the shopping center located under Manezhnaya Square.
Bolshaya Dmitrovka, Mokhovaya and Okhotny Ryad streets are located not far from the station.
Ground infrastructure
Since the station is located in the very center of Moscow, it's hard not to find places for shopping here. About 200 different stores are located near the station, not to mention the fact that GUM, the Petrovsky Passage and the Okhotny Ryad shopping complex are nearby.
There is no need to talk about museums at all. There is the Lenin Mausoleum, and the Moscow Art Theater Museum, and the Museum of Archeology, and the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, and the museums of the Bolshoi and Maly Theaters, and a lot of interesting and educational places.
Not far from the station there are 8 theaters, a huge number of cafes and restaurants, 6 nightclubs where you can try your luck by playing roulette, and a lot of all kinds of entertainment that will not let you get bored after you leave the Okhotny Ryad station. » to the surface.
For those who are not looking for entertainment, but want to get a higher education, it will be interesting that not far from the metro there are such universities as Moscow State University (Faculty of Psychology), Medical Academy. Sechenov, Russian State University for the Humanities, School of Private Law, as well as the Moscow Regency Singing Academy.
Useful facts
The station is open to visitors from 5:30 to 1:00.
One of the scenes of the movie "Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears" was filmed at the Okhotny Ryad station. The film was shot in 1977-78, when the station was called Prospekt Marx. According to the plot, the action at the station takes place in 1958. At that time, the station was also called Okhotny Ryad. In order for everything to be authentic, the former names were hung at the station during the filming. In the episode with the heroine Irina Muravyova, you can clearly see a sign with the name "Okhotny Ryad".
Okhotny Ryad is one of the most famous names on the map of modern Moscow. It's hard to find a person who hasn't heard of this place! But why did this street and, accordingly, the metro station and the shopping center get such a name? It's simple: in old Moscow, game was traded at this place.
At first, Okhotny Ryad was located on the territory now occupied by the Historical Museum. Here in the 17th and second half of the 18th centuries there were trading rows, among which was Okhotny. Hunters brought here a variety of game that was found in the forests near Moscow. Well, Muscovites, respectively, chose themselves who are hazel grouse, who are black grouse ...
Gradually, Moscow bargaining grew, the people became crowded. In the middle of the 18th century, those rows that sold food were moved beyond the Neglinka. So Okhotny Ryad moved to the place that is associated with it to this day.
The fire of 1812 also went through the rows of Okhotny Ryad. Wooden benches burned down. But in their place they built new, stone ones. Traded here and game, and poultry. Gradually, the prestige of the place increased. Okhotny Ryad became associated with Moscow feasts, old hospitality, and luxurious dishes. Opposite, by the way, was the building of the Noble Assembly.
Gradually, the name of Okhotny Ryad became common to the entire Zaneglinsky market. But after the revolution, the shops began to be demolished, and then they completely transferred all trade to another place - to Tsvetnoy Boulevard. In 1935, Okhotny Ryad Street appeared on the site of Okhotnoryadskaya Square as a result of urban planning transformations. Then it merged with Mokhovaya and Theater passage, turning in 1961 into Marx Avenue.
An interesting detail: in the film "Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears" you can see the name of the metro station "Okhotny Ryad". But the film was already being shot at the time when the station was renamed! The director did this on purpose to emphasize the time of action: 1958. By the way, an interesting detail: the shooting took place not at all on Okhotny Ryad (at that time Prospekt Marx), but at a completely different Novoslobodskaya station, where the letters Okhotny Ryad were attached to the wall.
In 1990 the street got its name back. Moreover, now many Muscovites and guests of the city associate Okhotny Ryad not only with the Moscow metro station closest to Red Square, but also with luxurious trade.
IN modern time on Manezhnaya Square, from which the street begins, a prestigious shopping center appeared - Okhotny Ryad. Still, the truth is said that history moves in a spiral!
There is a shopping center Okhotny Ryad. It is located on three underground floors under Manezhnaya Square. The easiest way to enter it is from the metro station of the same name, as well as from the side of the Alexander Garden from the side of the Manege.
Shopping center Okhotny Ryad - history
The history of the creation of the Okhotny Ryad complex began in 1995, when Manezhnaya Ploshchad OJSC was formed, to which it belongs. The construction of the underground complex was completed in 1997. The design was carried out by the Moscow institutes Mosinzhproekt and Mosproekt. The very idea of redevelopment of the underground space in the very center of the city, oversaturated with engineering communications, can be called bold. Nearby - Red Square, the Moscow Kremlin, underground - three metro lines. In order not to damage the historical monuments of the center of Moscow, a thorough examination of the strength and stability of already constructed buildings, as well as underground structures and communications, was carried out. The design of the new underground complex was carried out using new modern technologies. All decisions on its construction were made only on the basis of the results of the research. The stages of construction were determined in such a way that the movement of land transport in the central part of the city was not disturbed. Thanks to original technology the builders managed to remove all engineering communications from the development zone without violating the life support of the buildings. In 1997, the constructed Okhotny Ryad Shopping Center became a laureate of the international competition MIPIM AWARDS.
Shopping center Okhotny Ryad - modernity
During the construction of the Okhotny Ryad Shopping Center, many articles appeared about the harm that underground construction can cause to historical buildings. Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences, commissioned by the Moscow government, conducted a study of soils under the city. They concluded that underground construction in Moscow is safe. The monitoring of the state of buildings located next to the construction site also showed this: there is no subsidence of the Duma, National and other buildings. In modern times, Okhotny Ryad is a developing complex. Here you can chat with friends in cozy cafes, pass the time before an appointment. It is curious to drive in glazed panoramic elevators.
It is one of the oldest among Moscow points of sale. The main owner of the shares is the Dekra group, which bought the shares of the Manezhnaya Ploshchad company from the Moscow government and other owners.
Shopping center Okhotny Ryad - shops
More than 100 points of sale of various brands are located on three levels with a total area of 62,711 sq.m. The area of the complex is 29400 sq.m. Getting to it is very convenient, because the metro will take you right to the entrance. It is not always worth going by car, as there are often no places in the parking lot. Some visitors come here to buy a certain thing, others to see something. The decoration of the upper level of the complex is made in the style of the XIX century. And it was planned as the most expensive floor. Initially, it was really filled with points of sale with such high prices that there were few people here. But gradually the difference between the levels was erased. Now they sell both very expensive things and those that are popular with the people, such as Mango and Guess. The popular McDonald's and Planet Sushi are also located at the highest level.
Going down on average level, with more democratic prices, you can find something interesting for yourself from clothes. There are many boutiques for young people, including sports ones. In addition to them, the Seventh Continent supermarket and the Finservice bank are located here.
The lower level is especially attractive for denim lovers. For a relatively small price here you can find the original thing.
Most of the 25 restaurants, cafes and bars are also located on the lower level, in its 700-meter zone. Here you will be offered a variety of dishes for every taste of different cuisines.
For visitors to the shops of the Shopping Center Okhotny Ryad, there is a ground and four-level underground parking with a check-in from the side of the Moscow Hotel.
Street Okhotny Ryad
The name "Okhotny Ryad" speaks of the distant antiquity of this area. The first information about it dates back to the 15th century. Even then it was densely populated, as evidenced by the two churches that stood here at that time almost nearby: the Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, built before 1406 (it was in the middle of the square), and the Church of Anastasia, built in 1458 (it stood opposite the exit to Bolshaya Dmitrovka). Both churches had cemeteries. To the north of them, the area was just being developed (here, shortly before that, arable land and fields were located, so the first church was designated “near the old fields”); to the south, building could not develop, since here, on the modern Revolution Square, the Neglinnaya River flowed at that time, which overflowed during floods and during heavy rains and flooded the entire place subsequently occupied in Soviet times by the Moscow Hotel and the Council House Ministers of the USSR.
At the end of the 15th century, along the route of modern Tverskaya Street, a large trade road to Novgorod passed from Red Square, which contributed to the emergence and development of inns and forges in the described area. The decree of Ivan III on the formation of free space at a distance of 110 sazhens from the fortress walls probably touched it only after the walls of Kitay-gorod were built in 1534–1538, since on the first plans-drawings of Moscow in the 17th century this area is shown almost undeveloped, occupied by three trading rows: Flour, Zhitny and Malt. These rows ran parallel to the course of the Neglinnaya River and, starting at modern Tverskaya Street, reached the middle of Theater Square. Between the Flour Row, closest to the Neglinnaya River, and the middle Zhitny Row, in the middle of the 17th century, a big road from Red Square through the beginning of Tverskaya to the modern Theater Square, to Teatralny Proyezd, to Bolshaya Lubyanka, Sretenka, Meshchanskaya streets and further to the White Sea. This road became commercial at the end of the 16th century, replacing the old Novgorod road.
From the middle of the 16th century, on the northern side of the modern Okhotny Ryad, there were already courts of nobles, which is undoubtedly connected with the move of Ivan the Terrible in 1565 from the Kremlin to the Oprichny courtyard, located on Mokhovaya Street on the site of the current university (new building) and its library. At the end of the 17th century, on the corner with Tverskaya Street, there was the courtyard of the boyar Prince Dolgorukov, next to it - the courtyard and stone chambers of the favorite of the ruler Sofya Alekseevna, the boyar Prince V.V. Golitsyn. Near his courtyard, closer to Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, there were the courtyard and stone chambers of the head of the archery troops under Peter I - the boyar Prince I. B. Troekurov, and on the site of the House of the Unions - the courtyard of the nearby boyar and voivode of Obdorsky (1678) V. S. Volynsky.
In the 1680s, Golitsyn and Troekurov tried to outdo each other in the splendor of the chambers and built the first two-storey and the second three-storey stone houses. The chambers of Prince V.V. Golitsyn were especially magnificent. “In his vast Moscow house,” wrote the historian V. O. Klyuchevsky, “everything was arranged in a European way: in the large halls, the piers between the windows were lined with large mirrors, paintings and portraits of Russian and foreign sovereigns and German geographic Maps in gilded frames; the planetary system was painted on the ceilings, many clocks and thermometers artistic work finished decorating the rooms. The roof of the house was covered with copper sheets; platbands of windows and doors outside were decorated with stone carvings. In the house of Prince V.V. Golitsyn, the most educated person of his time, who spoke several foreign languages, foreigners of the most various directions, up to the Jesuits ... inclusive, and the advanced elements of Russian society. By a strange irony of fate, Prince V.V. Golitsyn found himself in the ranks of the enemies of Peter I, while in spirit he was the person closest to his reforms. As an adherent of Sophia, he was condemned by Peter and exiled to Yarensk, then to Pustoozersk, and in 1711 to Pinega, near which he died in 1713. He was buried in the Krasnogorsk monastery.
Since the 16th century, on the other side of the square, that is, on the modern Manezhnaya, there was the Moiseevsky convent with a cemetery. In the 17th century, the monastery had several huts and stoves along Tverskaya Street, in which the nuns sold pancakes and other food.
The great fire of 1737 destroyed the wooden shops of the Flour, Zhitny and Malt rows that existed in Okhotny Ryad, and they were no longer renewed. The places of the shops were seized by the owners of the northern side of the square, the princes Dolgorukov and Gruzinsky (the latter owned the courtyard that previously belonged to Prince V.V. Golitsyn), having cut to their yards. On this land stood in the middle of the 18th century, facing Tverskaya Street, a wooden fartina (tavern), popularly known as the Wooden Jump, and there were also wooden barbershops. In the middle of the square, on the ground of the Paraskeva church, even before the fire, since 1732, its stone bell tower stood. Although since 1723 Peter I was forbidden to bury the dead at the churches in the city center, the cemeteries at the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia still remained.
After a fire in 1737, on the site where the Moskva Hotel later appeared in Soviet times, the New Mint was built by the Treasury on the site of 140 burnt shops. In the middle of the 18th century, it consisted of a stone one-story building near Tverskaya Street (“presence”) and a stone barn to the east of it, which served as a warehouse. The construction of the New Mint here is due to the fact that the money yards transferred in 1719 from Moscow to St. Petersburg, where silver and copper coins were minted, were again restored in Moscow in 1727, but in a new place. However, the minting of coins in Moscow did not last long, and in 1742 the minting business was again transferred to St. Petersburg. Then the Berg Collegium settled at the New Mint in Okhotny Ryad.
Between the lands of the former trading rows, occupied by the princes Dolgorukov and Gruzinsky and the Paraskeva Church, and the New Mint, from Tverskaya Street there was Petrovsky Street, about six sazhens wide, paved with wood. From the northwestern corner of the Moskva Hotel, it went diagonally across the square to the southeastern corner of the modern House of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, passed in front of the House of the Unions and the Okhotny Ryad metro station, and then diagonally crossed the square in front of the Bolshoi Theater and poured into modern street Petrovka.
When this street crossed to the northeastern part, approximately in the middle of the modern Okhotny Ryad, a nameless alley departed from it directly to the east.
Between Petrovskaya Street and this lane, from its beginning to the modern Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, in the middle of the 18th century there were several wooden shops called Okhotny Ryad, although the main part of the latter was still on modern Manezhnaya Square. By a lane from Bolshaya Dmitrovka south to the Neglinnaya River, this Okhotny Ryad was separated from the Church of Anastasia and its cemetery. The lane after the church was called "Nastasinsky".
In the 17th century, Okhotny Ryad was located on the modern Revolution Square, on the site of the current Historical Museum, between the wall of Kitai-Gorod and the Neglinnaya River. But after Peter I in 1707-1708 occupied this place under earthen bastions and a ditch, Okhotny Ryad was transferred to the modern Manezhnaya Square, to the Moiseevsky Monastery. Here, Okhotny Ryad was cramped, and after the fire of 1737, part of its shops were moved to the site of Malt and Zhitny Ryads (opposite the House of the Unions), where we find them in the middle of the 18th century. The shops were called "Okhotny Ryad" because they sold chickens, geese and other domestic and wild birds.
In 1745 Okhotny Ryad consisted of 22 small wooden benches (no more than 4-5 meters each), standing in three rows. However, the eastern part of the row, near the alley from Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, was no longer occupied by shops, but by the courtyard with wooden huts of Prince V. M. Dolgorukov, the owner of the house opposite (the current House of the Unions).
The former courtyard of Prince I. B. Troekurov, standing nearby, faced Petrovskaya Street with a stone fence, with a gate in the middle and two two-story stone outbuildings on the sides. It belonged to Major N.F. Sokovnin. The next courtyard, the former V.V. Golitsyn, and at that time - the Georgian princes, went out onto the street with a large stone two-story building in the middle and a small one on the western side; between the one and the other was a gate. Part of the courtyard to the east of the large building overlooking the street was given over to the church of Paraskeva and built up with stone and wooden buildings. Finally, the courtyard of Prince A. B. Dolgorukov at the corner of Tverskaya had a stone house church at the very corner, a gate near it and then a stone fence. The chambers of this prince, stone, with wooden outbuildings on the sides, stood in the back of the courtyard, in the same row with the former chambers of princes V.V. Golitsyn and I.B. Troekurov.
In place of the house to the east of the Moskva Hotel, there was a state drinking house, called "Glass", and across Nastasinsky lane, to the east of it, there were "architect's chambers" - a workshop and school of "architectural" students of the outstanding architect of the middle of the 18th century D. V. Ukhtomsky. Next to them, opposite the church of Anastasia, stood another fartina.
If we add that nearby, on the modern Theater Square, there was a tavern "Petrovskoye Kruzhalo", then it becomes clear that this place was very cheerful.
According to the plan of “regulation” of Moscow in 1775, all buildings between the Mint and the northern courtyards, on the site of the lands seized by the princes in 1737, were required to be demolished and “open” the square here. The shops of Okhotny Ryad, as well as the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia with bell towers, cemeteries and church buildings, were subject to demolition.
In 1786, they began to put this plan into execution, for which, first of all, they compensated the princes-house owners for the lands taken from them with lands in other places. The landlords, however, argued, and the case dragged on. The clergy also argued. By 1793, only the Anastasia Church, the bell tower of the Paraskeva Church and other buildings were demolished, and the square was “opened”. The Church of Paraskeva was not demolished, as “it was strong in all parts and good-looking,” according to Metropolitan Platon, and stood not in the middle of the square, but to the side. Instead of the demolished bell tower, a new one was added to it from the west.
The shops of Okhotny Ryad, of which there were already 41 by 1775, also did not disappear, but were only moved from the middle of the square to its southern side, to the wall of the former Mint. We find them there at the end of the 18th century.
The regulation of the area according to the plan of 1775 continued on the other side of Tverskaya Street. Standing since the 16th century on the corner of Mokhovaya Street, opposite the modern National Hotel, the Moiseevsky Monastery was abolished in 1765, but its churches, cells and other buildings were demolished only in 1789. Nine years after that, in 1798, the shops of the Myasny (Okhotny) row and privately owned yards that stood behind the monastery were demolished, and Moiseevskaya Square was opened here - a small one that remained until 1935, and then entered the territory of Manezhnaya Square.
The chief police chief of Moscow, Major General P. N. Kaverin, instead of his demolished small courtyard, was given ownership in 1798 of the vast former New Mint (on the site of the Moscow Hotel) with the condition that he place Okhotny Ryad shops in this courtyard, removed from Moiseevskaya Square. Kaverin fulfilled his obligation, built several rows of wooden benches in the courtyard and placed Okhotny Ryad in them.
The plan of 1805 shows that by this time, General Kaverin had built on two floors the corner building of the former "presence" of the Mint, built a third stone building instead of a dilapidated wooden house between two stone buildings, three more stone ones - on the western, southern and eastern sides of the courtyard, and along southern border in two rows of six long wooden buildings. It must be assumed that Okhotny Ryad was mainly located here.
In the fire of 1812, all the wooden shops of Okhotny Ryad burned down. General Kaverin did not want to renew them and sold his yard in 1815 Moscow I guild to the merchant, the owner of the "changing shop" (banker) D. A. Lukhmanov.
He built stone buildings along all the boundaries of the courtyard - shopping arcades, inextricably linked with each other. From three sides, except for the east, gates led into the courtyard - from Tverskaya, from Okhotny Ryad and from the courtyard of Kurmanleeva on the modern Revolution Square. In the south, opposite the last gate, a stone building was built in the middle of the courtyard. From the west, a wooden shed adjoined it, "under which fish are traded."
After the square of Okhotny Ryad was formed in 1793 and the trade moved from its middle to the southern borders, it also moved to neighboring courtyards; the latter began to be built up with commercial premises, mainly warehouses, pantries and taverns. Shops and warehouses were everywhere on the first floors, cellars below them, and housing on the second and third floors.
House No. 1 (now in its place Tverskaya Street) was built up on all sides of the yard and in the middle.
The neighboring house, No. 3 of the Georgian princes, in two buildings overlooking the street, was occupied by shops.
House number 5 (Paraskeva's church) and house number 7 (her clergy) remained without noticeable changes. House No. 9 (former Prince I. B. Troekurov in the 17th century) in 1815 passed to the Moscow petty-bourgeois society, which used the main building and its outbuildings for renting out - for housing and warehouses, and later - for cab drivers standing in the yard.
House No. 11 on the corner of Bolshaya Dmitrovka by 1784 was rebuilt by the famous architect M. F. Kazakov for Field Marshal Prince V. M. Dolgorukov-Krymsky. But the owner died in 1782, and the house was bought in 1784 from his son for the noble club - "Noble Noble Assembly". In its wonderful Hall of Columns, meetings of the nobility, receptions of kings, charity evenings, concerts and balls were held. The noble assembly of the nobility is captured in the story of A.P. Chekhov "The French Ball".
House No. 46 opposite it, on the south side of Okhotny Ryad (Nos. 4-44 had shops near the former Mint), belonged from the 18th century until the October Revolution to the merchants Patrikeyevs, who at the beginning of the 19th century also built it up with shops and commercial premises.
Next to it, house number 48 belonged to Lieutenant Colonel Pavlov until the 1830s and was operated by renting out benches. This courtyard was formed in 1818, after the redevelopment of Theater Square, on the site of part of Nastasinsky Lane, which was destroyed at the same time.
The shops of Okhotny Ryad traded mainly in meat, fish, herbs, poultry, live and bats, as well as eggs, etc.
Building No. 1/12 (now part of Tverskaya Street) at the corner of Tverskaya Street housed at that time the best Pedotti confectionery in the city and the best Wessel bakery. There were also two hotels (out of seven that existed in Moscow) - Shevaldysheva and "Paris".
Back in 1786, the fartin "Tverskoy Kruzhalo" (former "Wooden Leap"), which became famous for choral songs, was transferred to this house. Then it was replaced by the "Tsaregrad tavern", named after the Greek owner from Tsargrad. In 1848, the tavern was already called "Paris" and was eagerly visited by the Moscow intelligentsia.
Obliquely from this house, on the corner of Moiseevskaya Square, opposite the modern National Hotel, there was the famous Pechkina coffee house (later the Novomoskovsky tavern). In the 1830s and 1840s, it was considered the most witty place in Moscow. Herzen, Belinsky, Gogol, Shchepkin, Lensky, Mochalov, Sadovsky and others spent evenings here.
In general, around Okhotny Ryad at that time and later there were the best taverns in Moscow (Egorova, Baranova, Testov, etc.).
Probably, in connection with the permission to occupy the area of Okhotny Ryad for an imported market, there is the fact that in the 1820s, on the site of the Okhotny Ryad of the 18th century, between the Paraskeva Church and the house of the Noble Assembly, the "Bird Ryad" appeared - shops and huts with cages of singers birds. Only in 1840 was he removed from here to Trubnaya Square.
In the second half of the 19th century, the trade of Okhotny Ryad flourished so much that the yards of houses overlooking the square began to be built up with shops and warehouses. This was especially noticeable on house number 1/12 on the corner of Tverskaya and on house number 2/10, the former Mint. The first one received the superstructure of all two-story buildings with a third floor and the development of two courtyards formed in it at the beginning of the 19th century with buildings in the middle of them. This was carried out by the merchant Komissarov, in whose hands the house passed in 1873 and was with his heirs until the revolution.
House No. 2/10 in 1892 passed into the hands of Lukhmanov's heirs and from them to the merchant Zhuravlev, who rebuilt it in order to get more income from the house. Along all four sides inside the courtyard, two-story buildings were placed with cellars, shops on the first floor and storerooms on the second. In the middle of the courtyard, on the site of the garbage pits, a well and a shed for the fish trade, he built a huge (26 × 10 fathoms) two-story building, on the top floor of which there was a tavern. All buildings were completed in 1898. The last act of using this house by the owner was the installation in 1911 under the eastern half of the yard of refrigerators for storing meat, fish, etc. with special refrigeration machines.
Even earlier, at the end of the 19th century, on Okhotny Ryad Square, opposite the stone shops on its southern side, a row of wooden shops appeared, selling fruits, vegetables and herbs.
House number 3 opposite, which belonged for two centuries to the princes and princes of Georgia, in 1889 passed into the hands of the merchant Barakov, who traded in smoked hams.
The “glory” of the Okhotnoryadsky merchants was supplemented by the “glory” of the Yegorovsky tavern in Okhotny Ryad. It was located in house number 48 and, together with the house, belonged to the merchant Yegorov since 1868. The tavern was famous for serving tea "with alimone" and "with a towel". If a visitor expressed a desire to drink tea "with alimone", he was served two glasses of tea with sugar and lemon. If he demanded tea “with a towel”, he was served a tea cup, a kettle with boiling water and another small one for making tea, as well as a towel that the visitor hung around his neck. After he drained the first teapot of boiling water, wiping his forehead and neck with a towel, he was served the second, third, etc. Some experienced merchants, tea lovers, drank several teapots in one sitting, and the towel became wet with sweat.
The “polovye” (waiters) in this tavern were dressed in long white Russian shirts, white trousers and girded with a lace. However, it was the style of all Moscow taverns.
In 1902, the tavern passed from the old man Egorov to his son-in-law, Utkin-Egorov, who turned it into a first-class restaurant. Since the yard was small and all built up, in 1905 he obtained permission from the City Council to arrange a cellar for wines under the square in front of the house. This basement was discovered during the construction of a subway tunnel in 1934.
At the end of the 19th century, in the courtyards and slums of Okhotny Ryad, “cockfights” were organized by amateurs. Each came with his cock and let him down to fight with the others. The roosters fought, blood oozed, feathers flew, and the audience watched with excitement, whose rooster would come out victorious, the "fans" betting sometimes hundreds of rubles. The competition usually ended with one rooster slaughtering the other to death.
Okhotny Ryad was the most unsanitary place in the city center. Perishable meat, fish, greens emitted a stench. The desire of the hunters to keep the goods for sale until the last opportunity, washing it or flavoring it with various spices, increased unsanitary conditions. Any sanitary rules managed by bribing the police and agents of the City Council. For example, in house No. 2/10 in 1889, an illegal discharge of sewage into the Neglinnaya River was noticed, but no fine was imposed on the violators for this.
In the 1890s, in the same house, merchants arbitrarily staged bird slaughters at their shops. But the City Council not only did not ban them, but even refused to issue a decree regulating the slaughter of birds here ... "in view of the imminent resolution of the issue of organizing a bird slaughter at the City slaughterhouses."
The huge income that merchants received from trading in Okhotny Ryad did not even allow the city to buy this quarter. When the City Council, shortly before the war of 1914, set out to buy it out in order to build a new building of the City Duma here, the hunters asked for such a price that they had to retreat.
After the revolution, the purge of Okhotny Ryad began. In 1924, the wooden shops that stood on the south side of the square, in front of the stone shops, were demolished. In 1930, the Paraskeva Church was demolished, and in 1936, on the site of dirty courtyards with retail premises on both sides of the square, the monumental buildings of the Moskva Hotel and the House of the Council of Ministers of the USSR grew. The first building was built according to the project of Academician A. V. Shchusev, the second - according to the project of Professor Langman. Only the building of the Noble Assembly remained from the old Okhotny Ryad.
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