In this material:

Hard to imagine modern man without all the benefits of civilization. But to use most of them, you need electricity - to charge your phone, laptop and any other equipment.

The consumer is dependent on electricity suppliers. The global electricity market is unstable. Electricity prices are rising, which stimulates the development of alternative energy. The most demanded direction is solar energy. Its popularity is growing, thanks to which certain segments of the business built on the development of alternative energy are developing. A business plan for the production and installation of solar panels will help the entrepreneur to explore this niche and open his own profitable business.

Description of the business idea for the production of solar panels

Solar energy is especially popular in the Mediterranean countries - Greece, Italy, Spain and Turkey. However, this segment of alternative energy is well developed in other European countries, as well as in the USA.

Why is the popularity of alternative energy production growing:

1. Cheapness. It is more profitable to produce electricity from solar panels - both on an industrial scale and for self-sufficiency.
2. Availability. To get energy from solar panels, you do not need to additionally purchase raw materials, such as coal.
3. Autonomy. There is no dependence on the prices of electricity, raw materials and the political situation in the world.
4. Environmental friendliness. Such energy does not harm nature, which is why it is so popular in industrialized countries.

In this regard, the demand for solar panels is growing, especially in Russia, where this market segment is just developing. For example, if solar panels have been popular in Europe and the USA since the early 2000s, they are just beginning to penetrate into Russia.

Production and installation of solar panels - promising business for development in Russia.

The purpose of this business plan is to explore this niche and help the entrepreneur start his own business selling solar panels.

The following business development options are possible:

• organize the production, sale and installation of batteries;
• find suppliers, organize the sale and installation of equipment.

Types of energy received from a solar battery

There are two types of energy obtained from a solar battery - electrical and thermal.

Electrical

This is the most common type of energy derived from solar panels. Solar batteries are used to convert solar energy into direct current.

Such batteries can be fully used only during periods of solar activity. In order to accumulate energy, batteries are supplied with powerful batteries and devices that convert direct current into alternating current. Thanks to this, such equipment can be effectively used even in regions where there is low solar activity, for example, in the north of Russia.

Thermal

Thermal energy is extracted using collectors installed in the battery - flat or vacuum. Using solar energy and infrared radiation, the collector heats liquid (water, oil, antifreeze) or air.

Such equipment is most often used for heating water or for heating.

Most often, vacuum collectors are used in such batteries. High thermal insulation helps to retain heat for a long time. The main disadvantages of such collectors are their high cost and the need for constant maintenance.

A flat-plate collector is cheaper, but its efficiency is lower. In addition, it takes up more space and does not work at low temperatures.

Production technology

A solar battery is a photovoltaic converter combined into one unit. The production of such equipment is a complex process that takes up to 6 hours. Silicon is one of the main elements in the manufacture of solar cells. Silicon semiconductors increase the efficiency of solar cells up to 25%.

Converter production steps:

1. Preparation of materials. Silicon semiconductors, photocells, converters and other components.
2. Formation of the initial surface of the plate and its etching.
3. Removing unnecessary elements, cleaning and degreasing the panel.
4. Formation of an antireflection layer on the surface of the panel.
5. Application of a metal coating.
6. Connecting batteries to contacts. It is carried out only after preliminary drying of the equipment.
7. Testing. After the device is ready, it needs to be tested for defects.

Market, competition and risk analysis

Conventional energy market instability, electricity price volatility and pollution environment- the main reasons for the growing popularity of alternative energy.

Solar power plants are the most developed segment of this market. In Russia Eastern Europe this type of alternative energy is poorly developed. Its popularity is just starting to grow. For example, solar power plants began to appear in southern regions RF only in the last decade. Both industrial power plants and home complexes are being built. Despite the presence of demand, there are few companies in the Russian Federation that develop and install such equipment.

This business has the following risks:

1. The complexity of the organization. It is important to properly establish all processes - from production to the sale of goods.
2. Decrease in electricity prices. Because of this, maintaining solar panels can become less profitable than buying electricity.
3. Complexity of implementation finished products.
4. Increasing competition, which can provoke a growing demand for the service.
5. Seasonality. In winter, the demand for solar panels is lower than in the warm season.
6. Long payback.

Business plan for the production and installation of solar panels

Business registration

Registering a business is the first thing an entrepreneur should do when starting their own business. The company is registered with the Federal Tax Service.

An entrepreneur can register:

1. Entity. Suitable only big business with high turnover.
2. Checkout status individual entrepreneur(IP). The most common registration method. Suitable for small and medium businesses.

The second option is the most optimal solution. Making an IP is easier and faster. In addition, it does not make sense to register a legal entity for a small enterprise.

To apply for an IP, you need:

1. Decide how to register. There are two of them - at the place of residence and via the Internet. The most convenient way to apply is online - through the website of the Federal Tax Service.
2. Choose OKVED codes. These codes are a kind of indicators that tell the tax office what type of business the entrepreneur is registering. The law allows you to choose several OKVED codes at once, taking into account business expansion in the future.
3. Decide how to pay taxes. It is necessary to choose a taxation system. The best option for individual entrepreneurs is a simplified taxation system. She is easier to work with.
4. Fill out an application form P21001. Registration instructions and a template are available on the website of the Federal Tax Service in the section "Registration of Individual Entrepreneurs".
5. Pay the state fee.
6. Send the completed application, attaching all the necessary documents to it.

ATTENTION! It is important to write the application correctly the first time. Even a minor mistake will cause registration to be denied, so it is recommended to check it several times before sending the document.

List of documents required for registration of IP:

• passport;
• payment receipt state duty;
• application form R21001.

Workshop space rental

The premises are selected depending on the planned scale of production. To organize a small workshop, 150 sq. m.

The location of the workshop is not of great importance if the enterprise does not have a store.

ATTENTION! It is important that the hood functions well in the room, water supply and heating are established in the winter.

As a workshop for production, you can rent:

• basement;
• premises in the industrial part of the city, for example, part of a factory;
• house in the private sector, which can be converted into a workshop.

Purchase of equipment

To organize a workshop for the production of solar panels, you will need the following equipment:

• cutting laser machine;
• laminator;
• table for collecting battery cells;
• wires;
• electrical converters;
• accumulators;
• other accessories - screwdrivers, drills, screwdrivers.

Formation of the staff

To organize a business, the following employees are needed:

• Chief Engineer;
• electromechanic;
• installers;
• Sales Manager;
• accountant;
• cleaning woman.

Search for sales channels for finished products

Success this business largely depends on the marketing strategy.

Sales channels for solar panels:

1. Offline sales. Focused primarily on the local market.
2. Online sales. Many entrepreneurs and individuals prefer to place orders via the Internet. Using your own website, you can sell batteries both in the local market segment and throughout the country.

Marketing campaign includes:

1. SEO promotion of your own website. It is necessary for a potential client to be able to find a site for queries in search engines.
2. SMM promotion. Social media – powerful tool to attract customers. For some companies, this is the main sales channel. In addition, social networks allow you to win customer loyalty and make them permanent.
3. Advertising in local media. News publications read different segments of the target audience ( target audience), therefore, if used correctly, such advertising can be very effective.
4. Outdoor advertising. Placing advertisements on billboards, banners and city advertising boards will remind the potential buyer of where to order a solar panel.

Financial calculations

Investment in the project

Startup investments include:

• rent of premises - 30 thousand rubles;
• purchase of equipment - 700 thousand rubles;
• buying a car - 300 thousand rubles;
• arrangement of the workshop - 150 thousand rubles;
• advertising campaign - 250 thousand rubles.

Operating expenses and depreciation

Monthly business expenses include:

• rent - 30 thousand rubles;
• public utilities- 45 thousand rubles;
• purchase of materials - 650 thousand rubles;
• salary of employees - 320 thousand rubles;
• advertising - 150 thousand rubles;
• taxes.

Revenues and profit generation

The company produces batteries of different capacities and for different purposes - for home and industrial use.

The average check is 100 thousand rubles. Product margin is 30%.

It is expected that an average of 20 solar panels will be sold monthly. Thus, at the initial stage, the company will earn 2 million rubles per month.

Business expenses and taxes are deducted from this amount. Net monthly profit - 500 thousand rubles.

Payback period of the project

Provided that 20 batteries of average cost are sold monthly, the business will pay for itself in six months. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the seasonality factor - in winter, the demand for such products decreases.

The manufacture and sale of solar panels is a promising and low-competitive business. However, it has certain risks. In order to calculate all possible organizational risks, to study in detail the niche and the possibility of its development in certain market segments, it is recommended to order a business plan from professionals.

Buy a ready-made business plan

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Oil and gas reserves are dwindling before our eyes, and humanity has only one thing left to do - rely on renewable energy sources, in particular solar energy. The impetus for this is also the rapid development of technologies used in the production of solar panels, due to which their cost is “melting” before our eyes. There is an opinion that in a few years the energy received from the sun will be equal in price to traditional sources. But in Russia, promotion in this area is minimal, so why not start a business in this particular industry, because the fewer competitors, the higher the likelihood of making good profits in short time.

There are various options for promoting solar panels to the masses. It can be a business selling ready-made modules, or you can buy photocells and assemble panels from them with your own hands, or maybe you are only interested in selling components? More on each option in the following sections.

Installation of ready-made modules

One of the possible options is the opening of a company engaged in the installation of solar installations. You will need to conclude an agreement with the manufacturing company for the supply of finished batteries. Determine the volumes yourself depending on your budget. But first you need to mount one installation to check its operation. And in case of successful completion of the tests, start your own business.

Of course, you cannot do it alone, so choose a staff consisting of qualified specialists. Some of them will be responsible for accounting, someone for the installation of installations, and someone for replenishing the customer base. Starting small, you can always increase volumes if you understand that your business is profitable and brings you considerable profits. An obstacle to this may be the lack of awareness of our citizens about the significant savings that are achieved through the use of sunlight to generate electricity. Therefore, you will need a well-advertised advertisement backed up by a carefully calculated business plan that details installation costs and the money saved from using batteries.

But what if a person is still thinking about the question “to buy or not”? You can offer him modules for rent! And do not be surprised, such a practice has a place to be. One example is energy company Solarcity, led by David Arfin, who came up with the idea not to sell, but to rent out solar panels. And most importantly, there is a demand, and not a small one.

Implementation of components for solar installations

You can distribute not only finished panels, but also accessories for them. The cost of batteries for generating electricity from sunlight is still quite high today, which is why not every inhabitant of our country can afford this luxury. So people get out as best they can, some prefer to pay utilities, while others assemble the modules with their own hands. For this category of people, the business for the sale of elements necessary for the assembly of solar installations is designed.

What is included in the concept of "components" for solar systems? First of all, these are diodes, silicon or germanium. You can buy them for symbolic money at any warehouse of electrical appliances. Batteries, inverters and other devices will not be superfluous, without which the installation of solar systems is not possible. Diodes will be in demand among people who love to do everything with their own hands, because assembling modules from them is a matter of several hours. The only negative is that for powerful batteries you will need a huge number of photocells. Another thing is small batteries that are perfect for tourism or for private houses that consume a minimum amount of electricity.

Production "at home"

The next option is to open a battery manufacturing business at home. You will need diodes and metal or wood frames. The production of panels can be ordered in specialized workshops, this will require extra costs, but you will save your time. The main advantage of this line of private business is the absence of expensive equipment; it will take 5-6 hours to make one battery.

Similar installations can be mounted almost everywhere, roofs of office buildings, country houses, even on the ground, the main thing is that a sufficient amount of light falls on them. Such a business can become very popular, because every year the market for alternative energy sources is increasing. In addition, his own, albeit a small business, based on advanced technologies and inexhaustible resources, will not hurt anyone.

Capturing the solar energy market

Not everyone can afford to manufacture solar panels on an industrial scale; this will require the study of a huge number of nuances, from the selection of competent specialists to the purchase of specialized equipment, which we already wrote about in more detail. The quality of the manufactured panels depends on the quality of the components, so it is better to purchase components for modules from manufacturers with a good reputation.

Anyone can buy panels for generating electricity, but not always customers are satisfied, therefore, in order to form an opinion about you as a stable and responsible company, you must clearly understand how valuable the installations you produce are, in what conditions the benefits from them will be maximum. Keeping track of all the systems that you put on the market will allow you to expand and strengthen your business in a short time.

Once upon a time, solar panels were used for tourism, then gradually they settled on the roofs of our country cottages, now this number has already included apartment buildings and industrial buildings. So there is only one conclusion: solar energy is slowly but surely “infecting” every area of ​​​​our life, so do not be afraid to start a business related to alternative energy sources, the risk is almost minimal, because the sun gives us its energy free of charge every day.

The article was prepared by Abdullina Regina

Example of a business idea:

We are returning to business ideas related to
energy saving and high technology, this time we prepared
a small overview of the state of the solar technology market in Russia.

Solar technology is a modern device for generating
energy, which are installed in order to provide the dwelling with heat or
electricity. Being popular in the West, this technique is gradually penetrating and
into Russian life. At the same time, the question arises about the relevance of the business
installation of solar panels.

What do you need

Alternative energy experts highlight
Several reasons motivating people to install solar panels:

1. Desire to avoid interaction with public
energy supply systems - often found among those whose houses are located
In the countryside.

2. The desire to equip your home with useful
technological novelty - especially characteristic of people who have visited Europe
or America.

3. The desire to save money in an ever-growing
utility tariffs. Even 10 years ago, electricity in Russia cost several times cheaper than
in Europe. Today, these numbers are about the same.

Does the business
development prospects in Russia?

Today, solar panels are present on the roof almost
every European dwelling. It is believed that such trends will become characteristic
and for the Russians. The energy dilemma is that Russia is one
of the largest suppliers of traditional energy resources, but in the process
integration of the state into the world economic system development required
new concept: conservation of irreplaceable natural resources. It means that
a business focused on installing solar energy processing systems has
good prospects.

skeptical eye

Before starting a new business, make sure that
it will be of interest to a specific audience. Solar energy is not
exception. In addition to supporters, this type of business has opponents.

Skeptics believe that recycling solar energy
suitable only in hot regions, for example, in United Arab Emirates or in
California. Many Russian regions are characterized by a large number
cloudy days of the year, which makes the installation of solar panels seem to many
meaningless due to the low return on equipment. The system includes
semiconductor panels, batteries and their recharging systems, as well as
energy converters. It is believed that the amount spent on the acquisition
such a system will not pay off for the period of operation.

What can be answered
skeptics?

Eliminate doubts about the usefulness of solar panels
real practical results. An example can be given in the installation
batteries in order to use them for heating the home and obtaining hot water. observations,
held in St. Petersburg, which is characterized mainly by
cloudy weather showed the following results: flat three-sector panels,
that receive diffused light (SOLAR-300 or similar), during the year
generate heat in the amount of 4 to 4.5 thousand kWh.

Installing such batteries together with a heat accumulator like
Jaspi GTV 500K allows you to heat enough water for daily
taking a shower for 40 minutes. Solar energy is decent these days
alternative to centralized heating. It saves money, not
depriving yourself of comfort and coziness.

You need to be prepared for the fact that solar panels are not
provide a home with 100% energy. However, in any case, they will
save up to 60% compared to traditional water heating methods. How
show calculations, installation of solar technology in an average dwelling
pays for itself in about 2 years.

Application of solar
batteries to generate electricity

Experts note that solar technology has high
performance indicators when used to generate electricity at
household needs. To achieve this goal, a complex installation is recommended.
batteries and household appliances with low energy consumption.

Installation of LED lamps, refrigerator and TV
category A +, as well as a small-sized pump for the heating system means
that batteries with an area of ​​\u200b\u200babout 10 square meters. m.
will suffice in the summer. In winter, energy production from such an area
may not be sufficient, so you can expand your own
the power system of the house by installing wind generators with a power level of 1.5
kW (see ).

There are already entire houses in large cities that
fully supplied with energy generated by solar panels and
wind generators. Equipment is mounted by local entrepreneurs, without carrying
this significant cost. Such systems are the best solution for
if there are no free substations nearby, because the construction
own will cost a lot of money.

Installation business
solar systems in the West and in Russia

In developed countries, the installation of solar panels and related
equipment is carried out mainly small firms. There this business
considered ideal for people well versed in electrical engineering. German
Entrepreneurs note that at the start they need minimum investment money,
however, you need to be a true professional. They recommend at work
take into account all sorts of little things: for example, what time of day the customer will
consume energy? Does he know how to manage such systems? etc.

Russian businessmen also believe that this business is for
professionals who keep up with the times. On Russian market Now
many weak batteries are presented, which on paper have good
characteristics. Therefore, you need to choose equipment carefully, from this
depends on the reputation of the business. Initial investment in the amount of 200 thousand rubles. will
enough. This money will be used to purchase installation tools and apparatus for
solar system settings.

As long as there are few firms in the market, there is a chance to enter it
one of the first and well established. It will get serious in the future
competitive advantage. Considering that the demand for solar panels is still
small, you can combine this business with the installation of electrical systems and
other related areas: and .

Business idea: Production and installation of solar panels

Initial investment: 400 tr.
Monthly profit: 270 tr.
Payback period: 2 months.

The business idea for the production, sale and installation of solar panels is quite new in our country. Therefore, competition will be minimal. Our business plan will help you competently organize all stages of entrepreneurship. In addition, this direction has great prospects for the future, because it is an almost inexhaustible source of energy that can be easily used in everyday life.

If you are going to open a company for the production or installation of solar collectors, register a business. Submit documents to the tax office for registration of an individual entrepreneur, an application for payment of taxes and an application for state insurance.

How it works?

Foreign countries have long and successfully used the business idea on solar collectors for life.

This energy is used as an environmentally friendly and safe fuel. Batteries are mounted on any buildings, and after the expiration date, they are easily replaced with new ones. Collectors are installed in special blocks, and blocks - in systems according to the size of the customer.

The principle of operation of the battery is to convert sunlight into electrical current. The resulting energy is either used to directly supply electricity to electrical appliances, or simply stored in batteries for use when needed.

Most used this system electricity generation in Spain, Türkiye and the Mediterranean countries. Russia is just starting to use the energy of the sun and does not yet have political support. Although any solar roof or other surface can bring electricity, and therefore profit.

Solar energy is used for free:

space heating;
- water heating;
- ventilation installations;
- lighting systems.

An illustrative example: in 1 hour of absorbing sunlight, a collector (2 sq. m in size) will heat 2,000 liters of water to 70 ° C or heat a room with an area of ​​1,200 sq. m. m. This is enough for a private house.

Batteries, designed to produce energy all year round, consist of a pump, a timer and a distribution tank.

Market competition

Before starting a business, be sure to study the competition. Despite the fact that such batteries are an innovation for Russia, factories for their production have already been opened. They are located in Moscow, Krasnodar, Bryansk and Zelenograd.

Informing the population is a very important stage in the formation of a business. Most of the population of our country simply does not know about these technologies and the benefits of using them.

Order flyers, hire sales managers. Bring the necessary information to potential customers, expand their knowledge in this area, point out the advantages of installing a solar battery. And it is better to entrust this work to marketers.

How to set up production

Raw material selection

For raw materials, use poly- and monocrystalline silicon. The plates from it are fragile, so they need additional protection. But they are much cheaper. You can also use CdTe, GaAs or amorphous silicon. The type of substrate determines the ability of the battery to bend, be sealed or resistant to shock.

For the manufacture of one collector (area 2 sq. M.) You will need:

Cellular polypropylene (2 sq. m.);
- cellular polycarbonate (2 sq.m.);
- aluminum frames (6 running meters);
- electric current converter (220 V);
- wire with insulation (6 m.).

Technological process

The production of one collector lasts about 6 hours. For one helium-based product (the most cost-effective) you need:

Prepare silicon (clean, rinse);
- create the structure of the plate surface;
- to etch the plate;
- apply phosphorus, make burning;
- to make isolation, to remove superfluous layers;
- apply an anti-reflection layer;
- apply a metal layer;
- dry;
- bring the contacts to the battery;
- align the plate;
- test the finished product.

Staff

Production has its own subtleties. You need people who know how to do this. Even if you are a specialist yourself, you should still hire:

An engineer who knows the basics of physics and electromechanics;
- sales manager;
- 2 workers for installation;
- driver (if necessary).

Include a staffing clause in your business plan for installing solar panels. Calculate the payment of salaries, taxes and fees. Also, don't forget about transportation. Buy a car, because trips to customers with all the equipment will be frequent.

Starting investment and payback

The business plan for solar panels is based on the scale of production that you plan. If we take an average business from this area as an example, then starting investments will be as follows:

Purchase of materials - 10,000 - 40,000 rubles;
- rent of premises - 15,000 rubles;
- salaries to employees - about 80,000 rubles;
- marketing services - 1,500 - 2,000 rubles;
- running costs - 40,000 rubles.

Market value of batteries and installation:

Solar collector (2 sq. m.) - 15,000 - 17,000 rubles;
- solar battery (250 - 320 watts) - 12,000 - 20,000 rubles;
- complete battery system - 30,000 - 80,000 rubles. ;
- installation for hot water supply - 50,000 rubles;
- installation of a water heater with heat exchangers - 30,000 - 60,000 rubles.

Feel free to take 100% of the cost of the system for installation.

Business profitability - 150%.

"Thank you for your attention!

Solar panels production: business relevance + what are solar panels + advantages of installing solar panels + production technology + necessary raw materials and equipment + organizational moments of starting a business + start-up capital and business profitability + overview of creating a mini-production for the production of solar panels.

Solar battery production is undoubtedly an innovative type of business, especially in Russia. Although in other countries, for example, in Turkey, Spain and Germany, alternative methods of generating electricity are in demand, and therefore the production of such panels is no longer a novelty for them.

Of course, opening such a business in Russia is somewhat risky, since so far people are wary of such innovations. But, given the fact that this business niche is still free from competitors, and solar panels are indeed a very promising way to generate electricity, the launch of such an enterprise can be called profitable investment funds.

In this review, we will tell you how to organize the production of such batteries, where it is better to do it, how much you need to invest in order to succeed in this area. entrepreneurial activity.

Is it rational to establish the production of solar panels in Russia?

One can argue for a long time about whether such production will become in demand in the country. After all, on the one hand, it is really very promising direction, which over time can completely replace the usual electricity we are used to.

But, on the other hand, solar panels will be more in demand in sunny regions, since the Sun is the main component of this alternative way of generating electricity.

If we consider the production of solar panels purely as a type of business, then, of course, this area of ​​​​entrepreneurial activity is very, very profitable.

Several factors contribute to this:

• The market for the production of solar panels in Russia is still among the most "empty", which indicates the absence of competitors on the way to building a business.
• In any case, oil and gas reserves are not endless, and it is high time for people to think about alternative ways to generate electricity.
• It is not only the depletion of fossil fuels that is driving the high demand for solar panels. People are also encouraged by the high prices of utilities, the costs of which can be significantly reduced by resorting to the use of solar energy.

In addition to these factors, solar panels also have a wide range of applications, so they can be used in a variety of areas.

The most popular directions in this regard are the following:

• Charging batteries of various equipment - portable electronics.
• Production of electric vehicles.
• Providing residential buildings with electricity, which can be used for heating and lighting.

Of course, batteries for the power supply of houses are in the greatest demand, so in this article we will consider the organization of the production of batteries for these purposes.

In any case, the production of solar panels is a very popular niche, which will become much more popular in Russia in a few years. And try your hand at this business now - the most suitable time due to the fact that until you meet too many competitors on your way.

What are solar panels and how are they produced?

If to speak in simple words, a solar battery is an installation that is capable of converting solar energy into electric current used to power residential buildings.

In order to understand in general terms what a solar battery looks like and how its mechanism works, it will be enough to look at the figure:

Solar panels are alternative sources of electricity, like water and wind installations, which were used by our ancestors in order to obtain electricity.

Today, it is these batteries that are considered the most economical way to provide electricity to residential buildings, since their installation and installation are not as expensive as other devices, and besides, you can not immediately use the generated electricity.

Since the battery transforms the energy of the Sun "in excess", modern technologies allow you to save it in special batteries and use it at a time when solar activity is minimal, that is, in the evening or at night.

In order to install a solar battery and receive energy, it is not even necessary to live in the sunniest place in the country. New developments make it possible to use the installations even in those climatic zones where there is much less sun.

And solar panels themselves, as a source of electricity, have a lot of advantages, the main of which are the following:

1. Solar energy is the safest and cleanest energy.
2. You can install a solar battery and. On average, installing a battery will cost up to 50 thousand rubles. Moreover, this includes not only the initial set itself, but also the installation of the battery.
3. In order to install the device, you do not need to change anything in existing engineering networks, because such installations are easily mounted in existing networks.
4. Solar panels have a very long service life and do not need constant quality control or repair.
5. You can mount batteries on almost any building, which means that it is suitable this method energy generation for both large cities and small towns.

In short, solar panels are a really working option that will not only help you get clean energy, but will also significantly reduce your utility bills.

The only thing worth paying attention to is the direct scope of solar panels.

The fact is that many people confuse the concept of solar panels and collectors, the purpose of which is completely different. If solar panels are a device for generating electricity, then a collector is the receipt of thermal energy from the Sun, which is directed to other needs, such as, say, heating and water heating.

Collectors have a slightly different look and principle of operation, so these two terms should not be confused.

Since we have dealt with the very concept of solar panels, we can go directly to the process of their production.

And here it is important to immediately note that for the future businessman there are two main ways in which he can develop this business:

• The first method consists in a full production cycle, that is, “from A to Z” - from the manufacture of components to their assembly into full-fledged batteries.
• The second method involves the purchase of finished materials and the installation of batteries from them.

Each of the methods has the right to exist, as well as its pros and cons.

For example, by producing all the batteries yourself, including their components, you can be sure of the quality of the final product. Also due to this, you can significantly reduce the cost of each battery. But the organization of such production will require significant investments, which is the main disadvantage of this method.

As for the second option, it will cost you less, but the cost of production due to purchased materials will be much higher.

In order to analyze both options in detail, we will first look at the entire production cycle, as well as how it is organized to launch a business.

At the end, we will also give an example of organizing a mini-production, when all the spare parts have already been purchased, and you only need to learn how to assemble, assemble and sell them.

Solar Cell Manufacturing Technology: A Step-by-Step Guide

To solar panels, first you need to figure out what the technology of their manufacture looks like, and what stages you will have to face.

So, in order to produce a finished solar battery from the purchased raw materials, it will be necessary to carry out the following actions:

1. Cut silicon wafers and clean them for further processing.
2. Etch the surface of silicon wafers and structure it.
3. Apply phosphorus to the plate and then burn it out.
4. Metallize the surface.
5. Dry silicon wafers.
6. Connect electrical contacts on the front side of the plate.
7. Align the plates.
8. Frame the plates with aluminum frames.
9. Test the finished installation.

As a result, we get a solar battery that looks like this:

What is needed to organize production: what raw materials and equipment should be purchased?

In view of the fact that we are analyzing the production of solar panels from scratch, it is worth noting right away that a lot of things will be needed to start a business: both raw materials and equipment.

In addition, it is important to consider that the production of such batteries is a very science-intensive process, so it is better to look for and purchase the necessary components, first consulting with an intelligent physicist or electromechanic, who will eventually help to establish the production process.

By the way, to find a suitable specialist, as well as all necessary materials, will not be so easy, since such production has not yet been established in Russia. Search all necessary elements and even specialists are better abroad.

On average, buying only raw materials will cost you about 100 thousand rubles, but buying only raw materials, of course, is not enough. We also need equipment that will make it possible to manufacture batteries.

Since we are talking about a large-scale enterprise with a full production cycle, it implies the purchase of an automated line for the creation of batteries, which will ensure the manufacture of the highest quality products.

The entire production line will consist of a sufficiently large number of machines, which are much more rational to buy from one supplier.

And there are a number of reasons for this:

• Firstly, when buying the entire range of components, you can get a certain percentage of the discount.
• Secondly, often such equipment suppliers will not only sell it to you, but also help with installation and further operation.

And remember that the production of solar panels in Russia has not yet been established at all, so you will most likely have to buy equipment abroad.

Price production line will differ depending on the country of manufacture, and may vary from 500 thousand rubles. up to 10 million rubles

Equipment	purpose	Cost, rub.)	Sample
Total:			1 348 000 rubles
Cutting Laser Machine	For cutting cells of various sizes with a fiber laser	From 190 thousand
laminator	For laminating solar modules with organic material for environmental protection	From 650 thousand
framing machine	For gluing tape edges and framing solar modules	From 315 thousand
Glass cleaning machine	For cleaning and drying glass	From 126 thousand
Table for moving elements	To move batteries using aluminum rails	From 12 thousand
High voltage test machine	To test the module for suitability	From 55 thousand

In the final count, if we take average equipment prices as an example, its minimum set will cost you 1.3 million rubles.

But, in addition to the production line, you will also need to purchase hand tool and equipment (accumulators, inverters) for battery mounting. As a result, the total cost of equipment will be about 1.5 million rubles.

In addition to the cost of equipment and the purchase of raw materials, you will have other expenses for various organizational issues, which we will discuss in more detail later.

Search for premises, recruitment and other subtleties of organizing a business for the production of solar panels

Any business in the field of production certainly does not begin with a purchase necessary equipment, but from the compilation and legalization of their activities, in other words, registration.

Also need to find suitable premises and hire staff, which is also important, so we will consider each of the moments of the organization in as much detail as possible.

1. Registration of an enterprise.

If you are planning to start a business in the field of production, while it is planned to produce solar panels from scratch, then either an LLC is more suitable for registering you as an entrepreneur.

To proceed with the registration procedure, you will need to collect a certain list of documents and submit it to the Federal Tax Service at the place of business registration.

This list will include:

• Application form P11001.
• The decision of the founder to create an enterprise (if there is one founder) or the minutes of the meeting of participants (if there are several founders).
• LLC Charter.

Before you submit the documents, you will be required to pay the amount of the state fee, which today is 4 thousand rubles. The receipt of its payment is included in the liver of mandatory documents.

But not only the payment of the receipt will have to be spent when registering a business.

You will have other expenses:

• Opening a bank account - 2 thousand rubles.
• Making a seal - 1 thousand rubles.
• Payment authorized capital- 10 thousand rubles.
• Payment for notary services - 1 thousand rubles.

In total, about 15-18 thousand rubles will have to be spent for the legal registration of entrepreneurial activity.

Also, do not forget about the obligatory receipt of permits from the fire and sanitary and epidemiological service after passing the registration procedure.

And another one important detail- when filling out the application, you will need to indicate the code of your activity according to OKVED. He is in this case is numbered 27.20.3.

2. Search and equipping of premises for production.

Since a full cycle of battery production is planned, the selected room should be sufficient to accommodate all the necessary equipment, as well as to allocate two small warehouses: for storing components and for preparing ready-made batteries for installation.

On average, the area of ​​the premises must be at least 300 sq.m., otherwise it will be impossible to produce solar panels due to lack of space.

Having chosen a suitable room, you need to take care of its repair, which is very important in a situation of such production, because we are talking about creating very accurate and fragile parts.

The room must have:

• Ventilation system.
• Water supply.
• Heating.
• Power supply.
• Installed disinfection plants.

Without all this, neither the fire department nor the sanitary and epidemiological service will give you the necessary permits to start production.

3. Selection of employees and organization of delivery and installation.

Due to the fact that almost the entire process of manufacturing solar panels will be automated, you will need to hire a small staff.

The total number of employees will be about 6-8 people, of which you will need to hire:

• 1 specialist in physicist-electromechanics.
• 2 shop workers.
• 2 workers for assembly.
• 1 driver.
• 1 sales manager.
• 1 marketer.

At first, you can perform the duties of a director and accountant on your own, this will allow you to control production more and understand the essence of your own business.

The most difficult thing in this situation will be to find a good specialist and shop workers, because due to the fact that the production of solar panels in Russia is not yet very developed, there are few such specialists in the country.

As for the transportation and installation of batteries, it is best to hire a driver for this work already with your car, or purchase at least one truck.

4. Marketing and search for distribution channels for finished products.

At first, it is very important to have at least one marketer on your staff who will help with advertising and promotion of solar panels in the region of production.

Since solar panels are a necessary, but not yet very familiar product for people, you need to constantly tell and show that having solar panels on your roof is much more profitable than paying large sums for utilities.

• print flyers,
• let's advertise
• create a website that will be filled useful information, and which will demonstrate examples of already completed solar panels with their subsequent installation.

You can cooperate with both large enterprises and individuals. It all depends on how much your products are in demand in the region.

How much start-up capital will be required to start the production of solar panels, and when will the business start to make a profit?

Item of expenses	Amount (rub.)
Total:	2 277 000 rubles
1. Registration of entrepreneurial activity.	17 thousand
2. Rent of premises (taking into account the lease for some time in advance).	350 thousand
3. Purchase of raw materials and components.	100 thousand
4. Purchase of equipment.	1 500 thousand
5. Remuneration of workers.	250 thousand
6. Funding the marketing plan.	45 thousand
7. Current expenses.	15 thousand

It turns out that to launch an enterprise for the production of solar panels in Russia, an impressive amount will be needed, which exceeds 2 million rubles.

But do not think that such investments will pay off for too long. On average, such production can begin to make a profit after 1.5 - 2 years.

It turns out that for each installed battery you will receive a net profit. about 10-15 thousand rubles. And taking into account the fact that you will produce and install from 5 to 10 such batteries per month, your net monthly profit will be from 75 thousand rubles.

Business profitability at proper organization will be at least 100%.

But, in any case, 2 million rubles. This is a lot of money, which not everyone can afford to invest. Is it possible to open a similar production, but at a lower cost?

Production of solar panels. How it works?

Installation diagram. Advantages and disadvantages.

Mini-production of solar panels: advantages, disadvantages and method of organization

Mini-production for the manufacture of solar panels, first of all, involves such an organization of the enterprise, in which ready-made components for batteries will be purchased. Of these, you, as an entrepreneur, will only have to establish the process of assembly, transportation and installation.

This method is much more economical than the production option from scratch, since in this case you do not have to spend money on raw materials, equipment, numerous staff and registration of a legal entity.

But the cost of panels with this method will increase significantly, since buying ready-made components is more expensive than producing them yourself.

As a result, we can say that this method will be most appropriate in two cases:

1. When you don't have enough money start-up capital to start large scale production.
2. When there are absolutely no competitors in your area who are ready to offer batteries at a price much lower than yours.

Having decided on the advantages and disadvantages, we turn to the main question - how to organize a mini-production?

So to start like this small business, you do not need to register an LLC first. In this case, registration of IP will be sufficient.

Registering an individual entrepreneur is much easier and costs much less, which will also save a lot of money.

To apply for registration with the IFTS, only basic documents are required:

• IP registration application.
• Passport of a citizen of Russia.
• TIN code.
• Receipt for payment of state duty.
• Application for the transition to a simplified taxation system.

The cost of the state duty for such an operation is 800 rubles. But in addition to this amount, you will also have to pay for opening a bank account (2 thousand rubles) and making a seal (up to 1 thousand rubles)

Total state registration will cost you only 3-4 thousand rubles.

Now let's talk about the premises, the purchase of components and equipment for mini-production.

You don’t need a large space to launch an enterprise - it’s enough to rent an area of ​​​​100 square meters. m., on which you will allocate a room for battery assembly, a warehouse of components, and also organize a small exhibition hall for visitors.

In principle, with a small volume of orders, even your own spacious garage may suit you. But at the same time, do not forget that the requirements for the premises will also be high, because you still have high-precision work to do.

It is better to order components for the production of batteries abroad from direct suppliers. Although you can search on the territory of Russia. The main thing is that the quality of materials is at a high level, and at the same time they do not cost sky-high money.

As for the equipment, automated lines with this method of organizing production will not be needed. Actually, because of this, large areas will not be needed.

As the main equipment, only simple tools are required:

Equipment	Quantity	Cost, rub.)	Sample
Total:			52 000 rubles
Drill	2	10 thousand
screwdriver	2	6 thousand
Set of tools	2	10 thousand

Since there is less work to be done than with a full production cycle, and it is easier to manage such a mini-enterprise, only 3-5 people can be hired as a permanent staff.

Namely, we are talking about such personnel:

• 2 people will carry out the assembly of the goods.
• 2 people will install batteries.
• 1 person will be a driver (preferably with your own car).

At first, you can hire only three workers, and then get a couple more people.

With a small production, you can perform the functions of a manager, accountant and marketer on your own.

At the same time, the marketing plan will remain the same. Your main consumer is an individual, so you need to constantly inform him about your product by creating a website and giving advertisements in newspapers, TV and radio.

Now let's calculate how much cheaper this mini-production method will cost:

• IP registration - 3 thousand rubles.
• Premises rental - 100 thousand rubles.
• Purchase of components - 50 thousand rubles.
• Purchase of equipment - 52 thousand rubles.
• Salary to employees - 75 thousand rubles.
• Website development and other marketing services - 55 thousand rubles.
• Line expenses - 25 thousand rubles.

Total start-up investment to launch a small enterprise will amount to 360 thousand rubles. , which is a much smaller amount compared to the organization production capacity"from scratch".

Considering that the selling price and cost of batteries will increase slightly with this method, the net profit may be somewhat lower. But due to much smaller investments and with a constant flow of customers (at least 5 people per month), you will be able to recoup your enterprise after a year of work on the market.

So, we have analyzed two main ways of organizing a business in the manufacture of installations for generating electricity from solar energy.

In conclusion, we recall that the production of solar panels in Russia is still a completely free niche, occupying which now, you can get a good return in the future, as the demand for alternative methods of generating energy will increase every year.

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