Many people are of the opinion that life in the village and farming are irrelevant. But think about it - every day on store shelves we see the products of small private farms. It is sometimes easier to earn money in the countryside than in the city. Combining different types of agricultural production, you can get by with relatively low costs.

How to become a farmer? This business is not limited to simply raising pigs, chickens and cows and growing vegetables. It's a whole system. It implies the existence of a business plan for a farm with official registration of activities. In addition - a well-thought-out system of regulation of costs and revenues.

Farming from scratch: how to start?

As you know, business always starts with an idea - regardless of the scale. Anyone who decides to open their own farm must, first of all, decide on a suitable direction. On the farmstead, you can engage in both crop production and animal husbandry. The main thing is to think over everything correctly and make a successful combination.

That is why a thorough study of the characteristics of the production of various crops and the rearing of animals will be required. Before you become a farmer, you should know about incompatibilities individual directions. In particular, the cultivation of certain fruit crops is strictly contraindicated near the places where cattle are kept.

Deciding where to start farming, you will need to think about the material and monetary resources that the future business will require. Everything should be foreseen - from initial financial investments to the arrangement of premises for keeping animals, organizing the territory of the farm, purchasing feed and fertilizers. In addition, the future economy will require compulsory registration. Most often, such activities are carried out in the form of IP.

Farming: activities

If you decide to open a livestock farm, the farm will provide you with meat, milk, eggs and skin. In addition, no one will forbid to combine the cultivation of animals, crop production, fish breeding or beekeeping. The main thing is to remember that all animals will require proper quality care and adherence to sanitary standards.

Let's take a closer look at exactly which directions can take place for individual entrepreneur in peasant farming.

We breed piglets

Pork is always in demand in the market and costs a lot. This business is quite profitable, because if you take this direction seriously, you can get up to 30 piglets from one sow during the year with good care. Each adult pig is about 200 kilos of meat and fat.

For breeding, piglets of a month old are usually purchased. They are less prone to disease, adapt well to new conditions. The room for them (pigsty) should be kept clean, insulated in the winter and be sure to provide vents. Crowding is contraindicated for animals. They are fed according to the regime, with pauses not exceeding eight hours.

The food is greens (in large quantities), products of meat and dairy origin and special compound feed for pigs. One piglet can be purchased for an amount of 3,500 to 5,000 rubles. It depends on its breed, age and livestock area. You can breed pigs by starting with the purchase of a pair of healthy piglets.

Goats, cows, horses and sheep

In summer, they are all able to eat grass. They need soft hay for the winter. good quality. For top dressing, horses are given oats, and cows are given compound feed.

The yield of a good dairy cow is up to 30 liters of milk daily. From one goat you can get from 5 to 8 liters, and the cost of goat's milk is higher, since it belongs to delicacies.

Horses are most often used as draft power. Sheep are bred for their meat, which is also considered a delicacy. As for sheep, their wool has long been considered the most valuable material. Breeding, both goats and sheep, is one of the most popular and profitable types of business in the field of agriculture.

rabbits

Both fur and meat are obtained from them. At the same time, the animals are quite unpretentious in terms of keeping and breeding. A rabbit farm is a system of enclosures, cages, pits, or sheds. The choice of premises for maintenance is a private matter of the farmer. However, certain conditions must be met:

• Keep animals away from direct sunlight and drafts.
• Provide adequate nutrition.
• Do not forget about timely vaccination.
• Maintain cleanliness in the cages and provide the animals with high-quality drinking water on time.
• Remember the optimal temperature regime.

The diet for rabbits combines a large amount of fresh fruits and vegetables according to the season with concentrated dry food. For top dressing, hay and grass are quite suitable for them.

Fish breeding

Today this business is one of the most profitable. But doing it requires certain knowledge, as well as considerable investments. Such agricultural enterprises as fish farms are most often arranged on the basis of artificial ponds, which can be of various types. It depends on the volume of production and preferred species. Due to the need for a large area for the construction of a pond, the cost of this business may be overwhelming for a novice farmer.

Who can be most often found in an artificial pond? Carp, crucian carp, pike perch, silver carp, carp and tench. Although pond fish are able to provide themselves with food, they still cannot do without top dressing. As it is taken bran, cake, feed.

Since about May, the fish have been fed on "feeding tables", which are heavy square-shaped wooden trays measuring approximately 50 x 50 cm. Each hectare of the pond will require at least four of these "feeding tables" for fish.

Beekeeping

With the right approach, the profit from the apiary can be quite good. In addition, bees pollinate fruit plants. How are such agricultural enterprises organized? The place for the apiary is selected according to the principle of desertedness and remoteness from roads, close to the areas where honey plants are grown.

Then it is necessary to install hives on 12-24 frames, as well as an omshanik (winter house). Beekeepers can buy hives or make their own. To do this, the beekeeper will need a workbench, hand or power tools. Bees can be purchased both in bee packages and full-fledged families.

poultry breeding

It can be the most common - in the form of chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Or exotic enough for our area. We are talking about breeding partridges, pheasants, guinea fowls, peacocks and even ostriches. The choice of breeds depends on the market in which the farmer wants to establish himself.

Where to start farming if you decide to go into poultry farming? As the most unpretentious option, the usual cultivation of chickens is suitable. These birds are inexpensive and unpretentious. From them you can get environmentally friendly eggs and high-quality chicken meat. The demand for ducks, geese and turkeys is somewhat less, but their cost is many times higher.

If you are thinking about breeding guinea fowl, pheasants and peacocks, then you should know that this is quite an expensive occupation, and most likely private buyers or restaurants will have to sell them.

To grow poultry, you will need to acquire an incubator, special aviaries insulated for the winter, feeders, trays, as well as a certain space for walking. Most often, farmers acquire couples for divorce, or in a certain amount, young offspring, which are subsequently grown. Another option is to purchase eggs and put them in an incubator. Each method has its own merits and demerits.

To feed young chicks, you will need cereals, boiled eggs, greens, cottage cheese, insects, as well as special feed mixtures. The diet of adults is almost the same. Their menu is dominated by grain - wheat, barley, oats. Vitamins and minerals should be added to the feed mixture.

Growing plants

Crop production has always been and remains one of the most important areas rural business. Indeed, in the diet of any person, vegetables, fruits and berries are an indispensable component. In addition, in farm conditions it is quite possible to plant flowers. The flower business has a high profitability (from 70% to 300%).

The approximate amount of initial investment is from half a million rubles. On them you can rent land, buy cuttings, incandescent lamps for greenhouses, which must maintain a constant microclimate and well-fertilized soil.

Returning to the cultivation of greens and vegetables, it is worth noting that their choice for farming is very diverse. Unpretentious species, like potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes, etc., do not need any special conditions. If you plan to start growing greens, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and zucchini, you cannot do without greenhouses during the cold season.

Building them along with renting land will require quite a serious investment. Seed costs are relatively small. In addition, in subsequent years you will provide them yourself. The payback of vegetable growing is quite fast. Already this year you can get the first serious harvest. If you can't decide where to start farming, vegetable growing may be the best option.

We grow mushrooms, berries and fruits

For mushroom farming, the most unpretentious (albeit expensive) are truffles. And the most common are champignons and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are bred in a special room, where an even microclimate is maintained, in bags filled with mycelium and straw. You will spend from one and a half to two thousand rubles on seedlings for truffles. Much cheaper you can buy the basis for breeding champignons and oyster mushrooms.

If you are going to do strawberries, you can’t do without greenhouses. A number of varieties are also grown outdoors. Such a business will require a starting capital of about 100,000 rubles. Add to them another quarter of that for monthly expenses.

Raspberries are grown in a different way. For her, seedlings are purchased and the site is being prepared. They are engaged in it in the summer season, for the winter the bushes are added dropwise in order to protect against frost.

Cherries, sea buckthorn or apples are grown in specially designated garden plots. You will need to purchase seedlings, a special film for shelter for the winter. Harvest from young trees you will wait in best case next year. Business on fruits and berries is profitable at the level of about 60-100%.

How to register your activity

How to start a farm in legal terms? Every business needs to be registered, and agricultural business is no exception. The stages of the procedure consist in paying the state duty, notarizing the relevant application, preparing and submitting a package of documents to the IFTS. Next, you should wait for the issuance of ready-made documents, go through the registration procedure in the necessary funds and receive a letter from Rosstat, which will contain statistics codes. Of course, you should also take care of opening a bank account.

We rent land

You can take care of the lease of a land plot even before the legal registration procedure. The lease application is submitted to the local administration. After the case is considered, you will receive information about where the proposed site is located. There you will need to call representatives of the land management organization. They will survey and determine the exact boundaries of the site. Then the land is put on the cadastral register, an appropriate passport is issued.

After that, the documents are again sent to the administration, which issues a decision on the transfer of the site. In addition, registration of the lease agreement is required.

The state will help us

IN last years assistance to young farms is a priority for the state. Now it is easy to get a grant for the development of such a business, the amount of which can be from one to four million rubles. It can be designed specifically for the creation of a farm or have a one-time payment procedure for a household appliance.

This money is purposefully given to a novice farmer for renting or buying land, developing a project, acquiring the necessary equipment, conducting the required utilities, as well as buying materials for planting, animals, feed and fertilizers.

Who can apply for such a payment

Money is paid to citizens of the Russian Federation of working age, heads of farms and farms registration period of which is less than 24 months. At the same time, it is necessary to have an education and at least three years of experience in the field of agriculture.

The package of documents that need to be prepared consists of a business plan for the farm, a breakdown of costs with prices. The amount of own funds that will need to be invested in this case must be at least 10% of the grant amount. The person who receives it is obliged to create three or more jobs and spend the issued funds within 12 months from the date of issue.

Grants are issued based on the results of competitions, during which young entrepreneurs must prove the profitability and relevance of the future business. Such support can be considered a wonderful way to solve the problem of initial investment. In the case when the payment is denied, there are other options for assistance from the state - in particular, in the form of a loan for farming. In addition, various options for government subsidies are possible.

Summing up

The modern business in the field of agriculture is not at all the idea of ​​​​which is firmly rooted in the minds of many (hard and dirty work, low-income and ungrateful). Today, farms are equipped with the most advanced equipment. In the cultivation of animals and plants, the most Hi-tech. It is quite possible to maintain cleanliness and the right microclimate in premises for breeding birds and livestock. Most operations can be automated, which will greatly facilitate farm work.

Especially important is the financial support of the state in the current crisis. It allows farmers to develop their business. In addition, due to the wide development of a network of cafes, restaurants and numerous private shops, as a rule, there are no problems with the sale of finished products.

Many citizens of our country who like to work on the land and take care of animals dream of organizing their own farm. This will allow them to do what they love and at the same time, earn good money. In this article, we will talk about how to become a farmer from scratch and succeed in this business.

Activity registration

Land is usually distributed by local governments. It is much easier for local residents to get a plot for farming than for visitors. But do not despair. If you have firmly decided that I want to become a farmer, the state welcomes such a desire and goes towards novice entrepreneurs. In any case, you will receive land to open such a business, but for this you will have to visit a single authority and spend a lot of time.

In order to register your company, you need to collect a package of documents:

• A receipt confirming the payment of the state duty;
• Photocopy of the passport;
• Maintenance Agreement joint activities, certified by a notary, if you are going to open a farm with partners;
• Appropriate application form.

Owning a farm is considered a family business, but this does not mean that an entrepreneur doing such a business should not pay taxes. Therefore, after the registration procedure, it is imperative to register with tax office at the place of residence.

If you are interested in how to become a farmer from scratch, videos on specialized sites on the Internet will help you deal with this issue.

Selection of land

Beginners often wonder what it takes to become a farmer. First of all, it is our own land. If you lease land, at the end of the term of the contract it can simply be taken away and your business will collapse. Therefore, it is desirable to acquire land in the property or rent for a long time.

The land plot for the farm should be selected depending on its location. It is desirable that your farm is located near large cities where you can sell finished products. Also, pay special attention to the roads. They should pass right next to the farm so that you can easily transport the goods to customers. Another important condition is an ecologically clean area. This is especially true for farmers who are going to breed cattle.

Choice of direction of activity

Let's figure out how to become a farmer, where to start your business and how to properly distribute financial flows? The primary task that every novice entrepreneur faces is the choice of the direction of work. In this case, a lot depends on self-confidence, as well as on personal preferences.

Farming is considered a very risky type of business, since adverse weather conditions, the death of animals as a result of diseases or fires, can lead the entrepreneur to complete ruin. But in Lately the state began to provide assistance to farmers, so they difficult situation can get support and restore their economy. To understand how to become a successful farmer from scratch, you need to read as much thematic literature as possible and attend various seminars on the development of agriculture.

Let's take a closer look at some of the most popular and profitable activities:

Sheep breeding

Meat is considered one of the most valuable food products, so many novice farmers are breeding and keeping sheep at home. Fresh lamb is bought by restaurants, cafes, shops and individuals. To get a good profit, you need to keep a herd of 500 heads. The organization of such a farm will require 2-3 million rubles. After 2-3 years, all expenses will pay off, and the company will reach a high net income.

Peacock breeding

This bird is not afraid of cold and rain, it is perfectly acclimatized and quite unpretentious to the conditions of detention. Experts believe that this is a very profitable business, the profitability of which reaches 50%.

During the molting period, one bird can sell feathers for 40-80 dollars. Abroad, such products are even more expensive. For example, in France, one white male per year brings the breeder a profit of about 150 euros. A good profit can be made from the sale of this bird. Peacocks are bought with pleasure by the owners of country mansions who want to decorate their garden with exotic birds. One adult costs about 3 thousand dollars. Breeding peacocks is the easiest way to become a successful farmer in a short time.

Horse breeding

It is worth noting that this is a rather complicated and time-consuming task that will require a lot of effort and large financial investments from you. If you are not afraid of difficulties and are confident in your abilities, feel free to get to work. The profitability of this business exceeds 300%, so through certain time you will make excellent profits. Since this line of business is associated with high risks and has a long payback period, this business is mainly run by wealthy people or enthusiasts who have the necessary knowledge and experience in this field.

Mink breeding

Almost every woman dreams of having mink coat. The fur of these furry animals is expensive, so it is considered very profitable business. To succeed in this business, before you get started, you need to carefully calculate all the costs and future profits.

A whole mink skin costs about 2 thousand rubles. You can buy a live animal for 700-800 rubles. If we subtract all expenses, a farmer can earn 1–1.5 million rubles from breeding minks in a year. All cash investments pay off in 1.5–2 years. The most important thing is the proper care of the animals, otherwise they will die and the company will go bankrupt.

Breeding cows

According to experts, it is highly profitable and enough promising direction activities. In addition, such a business does not require large investments. This is a great option for aspiring entrepreneurs who are interested in how to become a farmer when money is tight. Breeding cows for meat brings less profit than dairy cattle breeding, while both activities will not require any supernatural costs from the owner of the enterprise. The initial investment pays off in 1.5-2 years, after which you can expand the farm to increase its level of profitability.

Cultivation of bulls

IN countryside can be set up literally from scratch. The most important advantage of this line of business is a small financial investment. But to get a positive result, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort, since these animals require regular care. Such a business pays off in about 2 years. finished products can be sold in bulk to supermarkets, restaurants or the market.

Breeding ducks

Duck meat has excellent taste qualities, so such products are in great demand among domestic consumers. If you decide to do it, arrange for the supply of fresh meat with the owners of cafes or restaurants and deliver. Over time, you will have regular customers who will purchase products in bulk.

Growing geese

Experts believe that this is a non-waste production, since it is possible to sell not only the meat of this bird, but also eggs, down, feathers and fat. In addition, the well-known and beloved delicacy foie gras is prepared from goose liver. In order to get a fatty tasty liver, the bird needs to be fed according to a special technology. Even a beginner can open such a business, since geese do not require special care and have excellent immunity. This is a great option for those who are interested in how to become a successful farmer from scratch without any experience in this field.

Raising pigs

Pig breeding in our country is developing very slowly. It is unprofitable for small entrepreneurs to engage in, since such a business is not highly profitable. Recently, the state has begun to pay special attention to the development of pig breeding and allocate financial assistance to entrepreneurs who have chosen this line of business for themselves. Therefore, if you decide that I want to become a farmer, then this business should be started by receiving a state subsidy for organizing a pig farm.

Growing zucchini

If you strictly follow the technology, as well as growing pumpkins, you can turn it into a fairly profitable promising business. Despite the fact that these crops do not require special care, they need regular watering. In addition, you need to choose the right site for sowing and purchase high-quality seeds. Finished products can be sold to wholesale depots, vegetable markets and canning factories.

Growing melons

If you are interested, before doing such a thing, carefully study the technology. In addition, you need to choose the right variety. To sow a land plot of 100 sq. meters, you will need 200-300 g of seeds, the cost of which is about 800 rubles. To these expenses should be added another 500–700 rubles for the purchase of a tool for weeding, fertilizing and watering. If the entire harvest is sold at wholesale prices, you can get an income of 20-40 thousand rubles per 100 square meters. meters.

Growing remontant strawberries

Novice farmers can organize. In the active season, up to 2 kg of berries can be collected from one bush. They are packaged in plastic glasses of 200 g each, wrapped in plastic wrap and sold for 10 rubles. Accordingly, the profit from one bush is 100 rubles. For 1 sq. meters fit about 60 bushes of remontant strawberries, this is 6 thousand rubles of income. To earn 100 thousand rubles, it is enough to plant a personal plot of 15-16 square meters. meters.

Growing Eggplants and Bell Peppers

Before you deal with bell pepper, you need to carefully calculate everything in order to take into account all costs and prevent possible risks. Since such products cannot be stored for a long time, it is desirable to find reliable markets in advance.

To increase profits, you can also do eggplant in the greenhouse. Thanks to this, you will be able to get an early harvest and sell it at a high price.

Advantages and disadvantages of a farm business

Like any other direction entrepreneurial activity, the agricultural business has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, before becoming a farmer in Russia, you need to get acquainted with each of them in more detail and draw certain conclusions.

Advantages

• Since the farms are located in the countryside, you will get a great opportunity to be constantly in the fresh air, which is very healthy;
• Farmers and their families eat organically clean products which they grow with their own hands. This is one of the main advantages of farming, because no amount of money can buy health;
• Most often, entrepreneurs organize family farms, that is, each family member has his own responsibilities. This is very profitable and convenient, because in this case you will not have to hire workers and pay them a salary;
• Farms can count on tax incentives.

Flaws

• Your own farm requires large investments, so before you become a novice farmer, you need to objectively assess your financial capabilities;
• Many types of agricultural business pay off in a few years, so you must be prepared for the fact that your farm will not bring any profit for a long time;
• Natural disasters, diseases and epidemics can ruin even an experienced farmer at any time. This is the main disadvantage of the agricultural business.

conclusions

Now you know how to become a farmer in Russia. This is quite complex, but at the same time very profitable direction activities. A person who is interested must be aware that in order to achieve success, a lot of work will have to be done. If you take your business seriously, it will prosper and bring in a decent income.

"Farmers start farms for the love of farming. They enjoy watching the plants grow. They enjoy having animals around. They enjoy working outdoors. They love any weather, even inclement weather." — Wendell Berry.

So, you want to be a farmer, but have never raised crops or livestock in your life? There is nothing to worry about - this article will help you start the path to your dream of becoming a farmer.

Steps

Part 1

Learn Farming

Clearly decide for yourself why you are interested in farming. This is hard work, requiring a high level of responsibility, and definitely does not belong in the category of easy money making enterprises. The industry is deeply rooted in tradition. If you have never had farming and farming experience and still want to become a farmer, expect a lot of bewildered surprise from farmers and non-farmers alike. Be prepared to confidently answer the question, "Why do you want to do this?"

• Be prepared to be criticized and ridiculed. At the same time, most people in the farming community are happy to share their advice and support with those just starting out in the field.

1. Choose which type of farming you want to do. In most cases, any specialization of farming can be attributed to one of two types. The first is the cultivation of agricultural crops, such as: cereals (oilseeds, cereals, legumes), orchards, berry farms, vineyards, vegetables, wheat and silage. The second is animal husbandry, or the rearing of beef or dairy cattle, pigs, poultry, horses, sheep, bees, or exotic animals. Organic farming is another subset of agriculture and animal husbandry that specializes in alternative production methods.

   • Commercial/manufacturing farms usually include several enterprises in order to support the main type of production. For example, a dairy farm cannot be profitable without the support of silage and grain production. Grain-only farms use a rotation system, growing a minimum of two crops per season, alternating oilseeds, cereals and legumes each year to cover market demand. There is a widespread belief that the larger the farm, the fewer sectors or additional enterprises it includes in its operations. However, this is not always the case and you should not worry about it in the process. own choice. You may well decide for yourself which sectors you would like to include in your farm.
   • Many family farms - large or small - include at least five types of production. Family farms are usually a type of mixed farm where production includes both growing crops and raising livestock.

2. Talk to experienced farmers. Try to find farms that are close in character to what you want. Ask around - perhaps you could visit one of these farms. Do your research on the Internet, perhaps a themed local farm fair is planned in your area. Be sure to visit such an event - there you can find serious and active manufacturers with whom it will be useful for you to talk.

   • Ask them various questions about what they do (what their process involves), how their farm has changed over time, what development they envision in their sector, and ask permission to visit their farm. Farmers are generally friendly, humble and welcoming people, although some may be more reserved than others.
   • Farmers' markets are also a great place to meet farmers, especially those who specialize in their farming (goat cheese, berries, etc.).

3. Do your homework. Read books that discuss the type of farm you are looking to build. Search the internet for articles and forums about farming. Online forums are a great resource for sharing experiences with farming experts.

   • As you research, determine what skills you will need to successfully run your farm. What is the market for your product? To what extent is your area of ​​residence adapted for this type of farming?

4. Attend farming classes. There are several ways to get the necessary information through training. One of the most common ways is to attend university and study agriculture, agricultural economics and management. Of course, a university education is not necessary to become a farmer. Search online for seminars and other classes on topics that interest you.

   • Modern farmers are essentially entrepreneurs. They have to to survive. Understanding agricultural economics, farming policies will help you reach a higher level of production.

5. Consider relocation options. Some regions are more conducive to the success of farming than others, and different areas are more suitable for different sectors of the economy. Find out where is the best place to set up the type of farm you want and explore the farms that already exist there. Or find out which farms already exist in the area you are interested in to decide if it is right for your type of farm.

   Part 2

   Get first hand experience

   1. Get trained by offering your services as a worker on an existing farm. This is one of the key steps in becoming a farmer, as it is an opportunity to work in exchange for the opportunity to learn and gain the necessary experience as a wage laborer. Since you are at the very beginning of the path, as in most other professions, it is worth starting from the lowest level. There are several ways to start working on a farm. :

      Be prepared for the fact that this may not be a very profitable business. The wages of farm workers are often extremely low. Many works are exclusively seasonal (usually during the summer). In winter, finding such a job is almost impossible.

      Show your desire to learn. Watch what experienced people do and ask them to teach you; often you will even have to simply ask why they do what they do. During your first year on the farm, your learning curve will skyrocket as you gain experience in knowledge of how to change the oil on a tractor, how to fix a combine harvester, how to prepare a cow for milking, how to prepare hay, how to feed livestock, and even how to spot wheat from barley.

      • You should not expect to become a farmer without understanding the skills, knowledge and technical aspects of farming processes. The best teacher is known to be experience. The books and articles on our site can only give you a general idea; a real farming experience awaits you ahead.

   2. Be flexible and open to new activities. You must be prepared to do whatever work your farm may require of you. Many activities will require you to learn (and a lot of manual labor). If there are activities that you absolutely do not want to do, voice it and realize that this will become your limitation. However, if, for example, you are not ready to euthanize a sick or dying animal, you may be missing the very essence of the issue, namely, the understanding that by doing so you are doing good and saving the animal from suffering. Such questions may include (and this is not an exhaustive list):

      • Cleaning stables and barnyard.
      • Work on a high ladder or rooftop.
      • Operating equipment such as a tractor, combine or harvester.
      • Destruction of rodents, such as rats and rabbits.
      • Protection from wild animals.
      • Compliance with the feeding or milking regimen.
      • Sowing or harvesting for 12 consecutive hours with little or no interruption.
      • Use of pesticides in the field.
      • Slaughter and butchering of livestock.
      • Euthanasia of sick animals.
      • Repair and maintenance of equipment, treatment of sick animals, etc.

   3. Much farm work involves bending over, lifting weights, pulling, dragging, and throwing. Only farm managers can sometimes escape hard work, but they too often have to work to the limit of their ability.

      • Don't shy away from familiarity with technology. deal with different types farm equipment as far as possible. Learn how to use them, how to keep them safe, how to store, maintain and repair them. Even the smallest farms tend to rely on a walk-behind tractor and a small tractor.

   4. Dress appropriately. It may sound strange, but showing up to a farm in a suit and shoes is about the same as showing up for an interview in law firm in jeans and sneakers. At the very beginning of the development of the farm, you will have to do a lot of physical labor. Wear comfortable, loose, warm clothing and waterproof shoes.

      • Do not save on good gloves, because without them your hands will soon turn into a gallery of scratches, bruises, calluses, splinters and other troubles. In addition, the hands will not get very dirty when wearing gloves.
      • If you have long hair, put it in a ponytail and hide it under a hat, which is also designed to protect you from sunburn.

   5. Treat everything with a good sense of humor. Laughter makes the day go by faster, especially if your muscles are sore, your fingers are about to fall off, and the weather has once again ruined all your plans. positive thinking is an investment in any farm!

How much attention today private entrepreneurs pay to farming, and everything connected with it. Almost everything in the city profitable industries have long been busy with someone, but everyone wants to work and, most importantly, earn money. Yes, and to open your own business in the city you will need colossal cash.

How to become a farmer

Everyone unanimously argues that it is necessary to develop a correct and rational business plan, or as it is also called a business grid. It calculates all the costs of this business, options for making money, as well as tactics of action during failures. For all beginners, a business plan is the start of a farming business. As practice shows, the main thing is to start, and then solve problems as they come.

How to form a farm

Many people ask the question - how to open a farm? Beginners are interested in all aspects this issue. First of all, you must choose a suitable land plot. Next, focus on the amount of free cash you have. If you have a large initial capital, then you can safely breed a large cattle, pigs, turkeys, ducks or chickens. And if there is not so much money, then stop at growing various gourds.

After a few years, you will have accumulated enough money to be able to afford to purchase machinery and land, and your activities will expand accordingly. To support the farm, you will have to hire workers. They can be residents of this village or village, because people always need work.

How to register a farm business

The plot is distributed by self-government bodies, which is why local residents more likely to get a given piece of soil than you. This is the first problem that a novice farmer faces. But the state can help you, because it is interested in protecting the local producer, which you will be in the future.

The following documents are required to register a farm:

1. Receipt of payment of state duty.

2. Copy of birth certificate.

3. Copy of passport.

4. Application for registration.

Note! If you do not have enough money to open a full-fledged farm, then you can apply to competitions at the regional and state levels in your country. They are focused on business financing.

A small farm that works for the benefit of only your family, no registration should take place. But even then, you can sell your surplus products. Large production will not be able to evade official registration and taxes.

Which site to choose

Today, all collective farms have collapsed, few of the young people want to work with the land, and even more so in the village. Therefore, the state is trying by any means to help novice farmers. Because of this, we advise you to purchase or rent an unmanaged area that needs to be restored. Also pay attention to the fact that the track and settlements are located near the farm. Naturally, the cost of 1 hectare of land will vary from these indicators, which is approximately 100-500 thousand rubles per hectare.

What will you do?

If the choice is on livestock, then buy about 400-800 heads, and if crop production is your goal, then calculate how much you can plant on your territory, and how much you can get from this. From everything you can see that one desire is not enough, you need to have some skills to become an entrepreneur, and then you will not be disturbed by the question - how to become a farmer?

Initial capital

Many farmers dream that the state will give them money for their business... And these are not empty dreams, it is only necessary that your business meets all the requirements and criteria, but it is very difficult for a novice farmer to do this. If you are lucky enough to participate in the state program, then you still should not fully rely on it, always be confident in your abilities and your capital.

Note! Banks don't lend money for this. Therefore, you do not need to rely on them, collect your start-up capital.

What staff should work on the farm

Once your farming business has begun to generate income, it's time to think about expanding it. Not a single person is able to work independently, he needs employees. All of them were professionals in their field.

Who to sell your products to

First of all, you must find distribution channels. Yes, and this should be done as soon as possible, since all types of products immediately deteriorate. If you do not find a buyer in time, then farming can bring you considerable expenses. Selling your products is not easy, because this market is highly competitive.

The benefits of farming

1. Decent profit.

2. Outdoor living.

3. Always natural products on your table.

Farming Disadvantages:

1. Considerable start-up capital is required.

2. Hard work.

3. Need special skills and abilities.

Thanks to the information in the article, you know how to learn how to make money on a farm, as well as what skills you need to have, now you will not think about how to become a farmer and what first steps to take. Farming is not easy good way earnings, this is a hobby, without which some people can no longer.

Under the targeted state program, you can get a subsidy for the development of farming in the amount of 1 to 4 million rubles. It is valid until 2020, thousands of family farms and start-up entrepreneurs have already received grants.

Any individual entrepreneur and organization can be engaged in the production, processing and sale of agricultural products. However, for the agricultural sector, special conditions and special forms of management. How to become a farmer, what kind of enterprise to create in order to receive development subsidies, tax incentives, cheap loans? To make an informed choice, you need to pay attention to such points as:

• ways of organizing a peasant farm (KFH);
• taxation, social payments to off-budget funds;
• profitable state support programs for agricultural producers.

Features of KFH: which form is better to choose

It should immediately be noted that legal status KFH is dualistic. Since 1990, they have been created in the form of legal entities, and since 1994 - as individual entrepreneurs without forming a legal entity. In 2003, Law No. 74-FZ “On a Peasant (Farmer) Economy” was adopted, where it is defined as a family-related association of citizens by agreement. However, since 2012, such a voluntary education has the right to create entity- KFH-YUL.

Thus, now officially there are three types of farms. For their organization, the following conditions must be met:

• engaging in the production of agricultural products, as well as its processing, storage, transportation and sale;
• personal participation in the activities of the economy, regardless of the presence (absence) of family relations.

How do they differ from each other?

IP registered by the head of the KFH, and acting solely.

In accordance with the law, a peasant farm can be organized by one person. In this case, he is not much different from other entrepreneurs, but acquires the advantages of his special status. IP registration is carried out as usual. Simultaneously with the submission of the general package of required documents, two applications are filled out at once: N P21001 and N P21002 - for the KFH. An entrepreneur can work alone on the farm, or involve employees as an employer.

KFH based on an agreement (without the formation of a legal entity).

Such an economy is created as a contractual association of persons related by family relations or kinship. Outsiders can be no more than 5 people. The property is in common joint or shared ownership, this is prescribed in the agreement. It also indicates the elected head of the peasant farm, which must have the status of an individual entrepreneur. He makes all transactions on behalf of the economy, is his official representative in all bodies. In order for all participants to be registered as members of a farm, an agreement is submitted to the Federal Tax Service.

Anyone who voluntarily leaves the farm loses the right to land and tools of production. He only gets monetary compensation, proportionate to its share in the common property, and within 2 years after the release bears subsidiary liability for common debts within its share. In fact, this form differs from an individual farm in more complex property relationships, and the need to pay insurance premiums for each participant.

KFH as an organizational and legal form of a legal entity (Article 86.1 of the Civil Code).

IN this case a commercial organization is formed on the basis of membership - a corporate legal entity. The presence of family ties is not mandatory, but all other conditions must be met:

• the company operates in the field of agriculture;
• only a member of a peasant farm can be a member of the organization;
• each of the partners must make a property contribution;
• all partners are obliged to take a personal part in the work.

The owner of the property is the KFH. However, unlike, for example, from an LLC, the law provides for subsidiary liability of its members for the obligations of the economy, and not limited by size. There is one more feature. A commercial organization may participate in any transactions, become bankrupt or liquidate. But for a land plot there is a rule: it can be sold at public auction only to those who will continue to use it for agricultural production.

These restrictions make the "legal entity" inferior. KFH-LE is more like a simple partnership, however, in the latter, all participants have the status of individual entrepreneurs. The only plus is that family relationships are not required. In practice, this condition is observed only for old organizations formed before 1994. Now, first, it is required to create a KFH by agreement, after which it acquires the right to register as a legal entity. Such farm business has more restrictions than ordinary business.

Right problem. There are no provisions in the law that allow forcibly excluding a member of a peasant farm from the participants, as is allowed for other commercial organizations. Therefore, it is impossible to get rid of a partner who does not fulfill his duties, or who has caused losses to the economy. He can leave the farm only by own will(Article 1, No. 74-FZ). This applies to both a voluntary association by agreement and a legal entity.

Taxation of agricultural producers and benefits

Any enterprise engaged in the agro-complex, including a farm, has the right. It is paid at a rate of 6% (income minus expenses), and is additionally beneficial in that losses due to crop failure can be included in the expenses. Such payers are exempt from taxes on income, income individuals(personal income tax), on property, VAT. Benefits do not apply to income taxed at a rate of 30% and customs goods. However, the KFH has the right to apply any other taxation system: general (OSNO) or simplified taxation (STS), if they consider it more suitable.

With regard to contributions to pensions and medical insurance (PFR, FFOMS), no exceptions are allowed. The head pays for himself, as an individual entrepreneur, and for members of a peasant farm, although they do not have such a status. The only concession is fixed amount regardless of the amount of income. So, if the agreement was signed by 5 people, then the amount increases by 5 times. For employees, all taxes and social contributions are paid as usual, depending on the size of the salary. When one of the members of the peasant farm is registered as an individual entrepreneur, for example, to engage in another type of activity, the head of the farm must still pay insurance premiums for him.

State subsidies to reimburse part of the costs of paying for seeds, electricity, and equipment can be received not only by a farmer, but also by an ordinary entrepreneur working on a common system. However, the heads of peasant farms do not pay taxes on them, and individual entrepreneurs are taxed at a general rate of 13% in terms of all income received, including material benefits (Letter of the Ministry of Finance N 03-04-05 / 34876 of 08/26/2013).

Participation in state support programs for peasant farms

Within the framework of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture ... for 2013-2020, there is

11 subroutines. They provide for a variety of forms of support: concessional loans, coverage of losses, expenses for land registration, purchase of equipment, gasification, restoration of irrigation systems, and so on. Their implementation is carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture, the Association of Peasant Farms (AKKOR). Detailed information can be found on official websites.

Each region approves its own action plan, develops its own targeted program, which is approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. The conditions for participation in competitions for grants and subsidies are published on the websites of local administrations. Applicants must submit a business plan for the development of the economy, the selection is made directly in the region (Fig. 1). For example, consider three of them.

1 "Support for start-up farmers for the period 2012-2014"

In 2013, 76 regions participated in it, 2 billion rubles were allocated for it, and almost 3,000 farmers received grants. For 2015, an amount of 3.2 billion rubles was allocated, 3,500 start-up entrepreneurs received the money, the average amount per farm was 1.14 million rubles.

2 "Development of family livestock farms".

70 subjects of the federation take part in this subprogram. 797 farms were built and reconstructed using 1.5 billion rubles of state budget funds. The competition for participation reached 30 applications per place. In 2015, 3.08 billion rubles were allocated to 958 households. The average grant amount was 4.35 million rubles per farm.

3 "Support for small businesses".

Under this program of the year, subsidies are allocated not only to peasant farms, but also to other representatives of the agro-complex: entrepreneurs, agricultural cooperatives.

Money can be received:

• for the construction (reconstruction, modernization) of industrial buildings, workshops;
• laboratory equipment for veterinary examination, quality control of agricultural products;
• equipment, modernization of premises for slaughtering, processing, storage of meat, fish, milk, vegetables;
• purchase of special vehicles: wagons, vans, trailers for the transport of goods, including under leasing.

In 2015, 88 agricultural cooperatives from 25 regions received such support for a total amount of about 1 billion rubles. Of these: 34 are engaged in the processing of meat products, 33 - milk and dairy products, 21 - vegetables and berries.

Recently, the requirements for the selection of participants have been changed:

• entrepreneurs with experience of only 6 months (for 3 years) are allowed to receive a grant for a novice farmer;
• the period for the use of subsidies has been extended to 18 months (was 12), for livestock farms- 24 months (was 18);
• a novice farmer after 3 years after the full development of the allocated funds can receive money for a family farm;
• it is prohibited to allocate subsidies for the development of animal husbandry if the head of the peasant farm was previously the founder commercial organization;
• to receive a grant, there must be no delay in the payment of insurance premiums, as well as penalties and fines.

conclusions

You can organize a farm as a business in the form of a peasant farm if you draw up a good business plan and show perseverance by applying for participation in federal and regional targeted programs. Also, nothing prevents you from doing agriculture by creating an LLC or sole proprietorship. Especially if you rely on the money of private investors - in the absence of restrictions in terms of personal participation, nepotism, subsidiary liability. According to the law, the state provides support to farmers, promotes their creation and development. Recall that in all other cases - entrepreneurship is carried out at your own peril and risk.