Features of the motivation of entrepreneurial activity in tourism. Entrepreneurial activity in the field of tourism. public corporation

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Business entities in tourism

Entrepreneurial activity in the development, promotion and implementation of travel services is carried out by business entities:

Tour operators carry out the process of developing a tourist product, prepare it for operation, promote it to the consumer market, and therefore carry out productive business activities.
travel agents are intermediary enterprises that sell tourism products. They also carry out the provision of related services - insurance, consular services, etc., therefore, they perform a mixed type of activity.
Counterparties- are organizations that directly provide tourist services clients. These include hotels, tour agencies, restaurants, and more. These organizations directly carry out the production of tourism services, therefore, in this context, they perform productive activities.

Remark 2

It should be noted that tourism enterprises often combine the organizational preparation of a tourism product, the implementation and provision of tourism services, which indicates the combination of almost all types of business activities.

The consulting type of entrepreneurial activity has become widespread in the tourism industry. The more complex the complex and the higher the indicators of the quality level of tourist services, the more consultants are involved in the process of developing and selling a tourist product.

The structure of entrepreneurial activity in tourism

entrepreneurial idea is a new formula of economic activity calculated by the company that combines the needs of customers in travel services with the manufacturer's ability to create these services and profit from the novelty.

Decision making process at every enterprise tourism industry its own, but the steps for implementing this activity and the sequence of their implementation are the same:
- implementation of an initial expert assessment in order to obtain information on the possibility of selling a tourist product;
- marketing research market definition practical implementation product;
- conducting economic calculations to identify: the ratio of supply and demand for similar tourism products; market price; production costs; indicators of profitability and effectiveness of service development, etc.;
- repeated expert assessment is carried out by specialists, taking into account all the above calculations and information;
- the process of accepting or rejecting an idea.
Implementation of the accepted idea also carried out in stages:
- business planning, the principle of which consists of a structural presentation together with the economic calculations of the project. Mandatory items in a business plan are organizational form enterprises and sources of formation of start-up capital;
- attracting borrowed funds and partners;
- state registration organization, if it is just opening;
- organizational and technical preparation of the enterprise for the development of tourism products;
- management of a working travel agency and contractual relations with partners.

Remark 3

It should be noted that the implementation of entrepreneurial thought is considered to be effective only if the result achieved is more or completely consistent with the initial entrepreneurial idea.

In the generally accepted classification of entrepreneurial activity, the following types of entrepreneurship are distinguished:

1) productive (industrial) - direct creation of services and other products;
2) commercial - intermediary activities to promote the created products from the manufacturer to the consumer;
3) financial - a special type of activity for the formation and use of funds for the purpose of reproduction of services and products;
4) advisory - activities related to the provision of advice (consultations) and assistance on issues of general management, assessment of the capabilities of manufacturers, financial management, marketing, etc.

In connection with the peculiarities of tourist services, the entrepreneurial activity of tourist organizations can only be conditionally attributed to a certain type.

Thus, the activity of tour operators in most cases creates the organizational preparation of the tourist product and its partial production and promotion to the consumer. Therefore, the activities of tour operators can be conditionally attributed to productive entrepreneurship.

Travel agents act as intermediaries - sellers of tours. In addition, they perform certain types of services, such as insurance, consular services, etc. This is a mixed type of activity.

Counterparties are providers of tourist services (hotels, restaurants, carriers, tour agencies, etc.) that provide services to consumers of a tourist product, i.e. actively participate in the production of services and, on this basis, can be classified as productive entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurial idea - it is revealed by the entrepreneur new form economic activity, which combines the potential or real needs of the market for certain services (or goods) with the entrepreneur's ability to produce these services (goods) and receive additional income from innovation (innovation).

The activity of the entrepreneur involves the creation of a bank of ideas that could form the main or additional profile of the production of services or intermediation. The accumulation of ideas can be both current and prospective. For each idea, the entrepreneur makes a decision - to proceed or not to proceed with its practical implementation. service tourism entrepreneurial vacation

The decision-making process of each entrepreneur is carried out according to his own individual technology, which ensures the choice of one option from the available alternatives, but the general stages and sequence of their implementation are as follows:

1) the first expert assessment of the idea by the entrepreneur himself of the reality of practical implementation;
2) collecting information about the situation on the market to evaluate the idea from a practical standpoint;
3) carrying out entrepreneurial calculations in order to identify: objects of supply and demand in the tourist market for services (goods) intended for production; the possible selling price of similar services; production costs; the value of profit and efficiency of production of services, etc.;
4) the second expert assessment is carried out by involved specialists and aims to establish the compatibility of the idea with the possibilities of the entrepreneur;
5) the decision by the entrepreneur to continue working on the idea or to discard it and move on to understanding another entrepreneurial idea.

The implementation of the accepted idea also has several stages:

1) business planning, the essence of which is a detailed presentation with accurate calculations for the implementation of the project. The business plan also indicates the organizational form of entrepreneurship and the sources of the formation of funds necessary for the initial stage of the implementation of the idea;
2) attraction of borrowed funds and partners (participants);
3) state registration of one's own firm (enterprise), if it is created for the first time;
4) organizational and technical preparation of the company for the production of goods (services);
5) management of a functioning firm and partnerships.

The implementation of an entrepreneurial idea is considered successful if the result planned at the beginning of the implementation of the entrepreneurial idea is achieved (or almost achieved). A civilized understanding of entrepreneurial success is associated primarily with the idea of self-affirmation or with the desire to change the course of events. Commercial success (additional income, profit) accompanies entrepreneurial success, but does not act as an end in itself in entrepreneurial activity. This notion of entrepreneurial success is based on the entrepreneurial culture as a system of shared and real beliefs and values that provides high prestige and increases the efficiency of production of goods (services) and income.

As the socio-economic life of society stabilizes, interest in the culture of entrepreneurship as a system of norms for the moral behavior of business people, their obligations towards each other and society as a whole will increase.

In the generally accepted classification of entrepreneurial activity, the following types of entrepreneurship are distinguished:

1) productive (industrial) - the direct creation of services and other products;
2) commercial - intermediary activities to promote the created products from the manufacturer to the consumer;
3) financial - a special type of activity for the formation and use of funds for the purpose of reproduction of services and products;
4) advisory - activities related to the provision of advice (consultations) and assistance on issues of general management, assessment of the capabilities of manufacturers, financial management, marketing, etc.

In connection with the peculiarities of tourist services, the entrepreneurial activity of tourist organizations can only be conditionally attributed to a certain type.

Yes, activities tour operators in most cases, creates the organizational preparation of the tourist product and its partial production and promotion to the consumer. Therefore, the activities of tour operators can be conditionally attributed to productive entrepreneurship.

travel agents act as intermediaries - sellers of tours. In addition, they perform certain types of services, such as insurance, consular services, etc. This is a mixed type of activity.

Counterparties - tourism service providers (hotels, restaurants, carriers, tour agencies, etc.) that provide services to consumers of a tourist product, i.e. actively participate in the production of services and, on this basis, can be classified as productive entrepreneurs.

entrepreneurial idea - this is a new form of economic activity identified by the entrepreneur, which combines the potential or real needs of the market for certain services (or goods) with the entrepreneur's ability to produce these services (goods) and receive additional income from innovation (innovation).

Decision making process each entrepreneur follows his own individual technology, which ensures the choice of one option from the available alternatives, but the general stages and sequence of their implementation are as follows:

1) the first expert evaluation of the idea by the entrepreneur himself of the reality of practical implementation;
2) collecting information about the situation on the market to evaluate the idea from a practical standpoint;
3) carrying out entrepreneurial calculations in order to identify: objects of supply and demand in the tourist market for services (goods) intended for production; the possible selling price of similar services; production costs; the value of profit and efficiency of production of services, etc.;
4) the second expert assessment is carried out by involved specialists and aims to establish the compatibility of the idea with the possibilities of the entrepreneur;
5) the decision by the entrepreneur to continue working on the idea or to discard it and move on to understanding another entrepreneurial idea.

Implementation of the accepted idea also has several stages:

1) business planning, the essence of which is a detailed presentation with accurate calculations for the implementation of the project. The business plan also indicates the organizational form of entrepreneurship and the sources of the formation of funds necessary for the initial stage of the implementation of the idea;
2) attraction of borrowed funds and partners (participants);
3) state registration of one's own firm (enterprise), if it is created for the first time;
4) organizational and technical preparation of the company for the production of goods (services);
5) management of a functioning firm and partnerships.

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