December 2017 marks the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Military Industrial Commission.

On December 6, 1957, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR issued a resolution on the creation of a state commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on military-industrial issues, the first chairman of which was Dmitry Fedorovich Ustinov. The commission united defense enterprises under its leadership. The commission was entrusted with the task of organizing and supervising the work on the creation of all types of weapons and military equipment. The result of the creation of the commission was the flourishing of the Russian "defense industry": under its leadership, systems of rocket and space defense and missile attack warning, control of outer space and anti-space defense were created. The latest submarines, surface ships of all classes, strategic aviation and ground forces complexes were created. Also, military-industrial complex enterprises produced complex civilian equipment: equipment for power engineering and the nuclear fleet, agricultural machinery, cars, motorcycles, refrigerators, televisions and much more.

In 1999, the military-industrial complex became the Commission on military-industrial issues of the Government Russian Federation, in 2006 it was renamed the Military Industrial Commission.

Russian President Vladimir Putin congratulated veterans and workers of the military-industrial complex at a gala evening in the Kremlin dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the military-industrial complex.

“Thank you for a very big and very responsible work, for your contribution to solving the most important strategic tasks. Special words of gratitude go to the veterans, to all those who stood at the origins of the military-industrial complex and set it up in a complicated way. multifaceted work. In different historical epochs, you created, strengthened and preserved the domestic military-industrial complex - that huge potential that continues to serve Russia today. Today, the Military-Industrial Commission deals with key issues of the military industry, equipping the army and navy, ensures close cooperation between the armed forces, enterprises of various industries, design bureaus and research centers. All this requires a deep understanding of the nature of current and future challenges in the field of defense and security, trends in the development of science and technology, a thorough knowledge of all aspects of production, the ability to find verified, justified management decisions", - said the President.

The magazine "Rare Earths" congratulates all those involved in this holiday, and wishes prosperity and good luck in all endeavors.

Dear Colleagues! Dear veterans! Friends!

I congratulate you on a significant date - the 60th anniversary of the Military Industrial Commission. Thank you for your great and very responsible work, for your contribution to the solution of the most important, without any exaggeration, strategic tasks.

Special words of gratitude go to veterans, to everyone who stood at the origins of the military-industrial complex, established its complex, multifaceted work. In different historical epochs, you created, strengthened and preserved the domestic military-industrial complex, that enormous potential that continues to serve Russia today.

Today, the Military-Industrial Commission deals with key issues of developing the defense industry, equipping the army and navy, ensures close cooperation between the Armed Forces, enterprises of various industries, design bureaus and research centers. All this requires a deep understanding of the nature of current and future challenges in the field of defense and security, trends in the development of science and technology, a thorough knowledge of all aspects of production, and the ability to find verified, well-founded managerial decisions.

And of course, we need to pay special attention to working with people, with personnel, to do everything so that young, well-trained specialists come to enterprises and the military-industrial complex, so that professional traditions continue.

You know that we are already approaching the implementation of a new ten-year State Armaments Program, including taking into account the experience of using our weapons and equipment in the course of a successful anti-terrorist operation in Syria. It is necessary to effectively build and continue this work, to ensure almost one hundred percent fulfillment of the state defense order, and it was precisely such indicators that we managed to reach in last years.

In addition, the defense complex has been tasked with expanding the production of high-tech, export-oriented civilian and dual-use products - I just spoke at a brief meeting with veterans and young specialists - by 2030, the share of these products in total production should be half, 50%.

The Commission is obliged to take into account all these plans in its work, to achieve high-quality, balanced, effective development military-industrial complex of the country, which, let me remind you, unites more than 1,300 enterprises and organizations that employ two million specialists of various professions.

We have only just talked about the fact that in recent years the defense complex and defense industry enterprises have been re-equipped, and a lot of money has been invested – three trillion rubles. These are serious resources, and we must make sure that they work effectively.

Three years ago, the status of the Military-Industrial Commission was significantly upgraded, and, as its chairman, I hope that your work will continue to be focused on results, will serve Russia, and reliably protect national interests, the life and security of our citizens.

Of course, I wish you success, health and all the best to you and your loved ones. And of course, let me congratulate you on the upcoming new year holidays. All the best. Thank you for your work!

Strictly speaking, the military-industrial complex itself did not appear 60 years ago: on March 16, 1953, the so-called "Special Committee" headed by L.P. Beria. The Committee coordinated the key defense projects of that time - the work of the First and Third Main Directorates of the Council of Ministers (the nuclear project and the Moscow air defense project, respectively).

It did not last long, by the way: it was liquidated on June 26, 1953, along with the arrest of Beria. However, this committee is considered the progenitor of the structure that arose a little later, in December 1957, the commission of the Council of Ministers on military-industrial issues (or the Military-Industrial Commission). Closed on the military-industrial complex operational control over the activities of the "nine" - nine defense ministries of the USSR. She also worked out decisions on the allocation of resources for defense programs.

In 1991, the military-industrial complex was dissolved, re-established in 1999, and since then has been persistently looking for its place in the eclectic decision-making structure of the post-Soviet defense complex. At the moment, the Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation is the main body for coordinating the defense industry, supervised by the relevant Deputy Prime Minister.

With government and out of business

The current state of the defense industry management vertical is characterized by an increase in uncertainty and a "manual regime" in management as one moves upwards. Decisions on key military programs or the reorganization of assets in the defense industry are made by the top political leadership "on an individual basis" - in each specific case - in its own way, in the process of contacts with lobbyists for certain decisions.

The military-industrial complex, as an important link between industrial and political management, regularly remained the last in this process, in best case passively present at the "resolution of issues." Therefore, under Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov (2007-2011), who was a member of Vladimir Putin's inner circle and himself deeply delved into defense-industrial topics, the military-industrial complex, as an institution, was largely in the shadows, yielding to the direct "resolution of issues "the country's top leadership with production captains.

Even then, the functions of the commission and the list of really supervised topics were considered unspecified, and the staff of specialists was recognized as insufficient. However, this problem was seriously revealed only by the monstrous failure of the state defense order (GOZ) of 2011, the starting year of the new state armaments program (GPV-2020).

Right up to this moment administrative reform The Ministry of Defense, carried out by Anatoly Serdyukov, has reached its apogee, expressed in direct subordination to the military department of two federal services directly working with military procurement: Rosoboronpostavka and Rosoboronzakaza. In the same ministry, they started a drastic restructuring of the ordering system, taking away all the rights from the main commands of the branches of the armed forces and sharply loading the profile department of the military department with work.

At the same time, the volume of contracts placed under the GPV-2020 increased sharply. However, the tough "collective" position of the Serdyukov team, which demanded a sharp reduction in the price tag offered by the industry for the purchased against the backdrop of a total emergency, led to the fact that the state defense order-2011 was actually a failure.

The military-industrial complex of Sergei Ivanov was unable to do anything about it. Whether she had such an opportunity is an open question. The conflict between industry and the military from Znamenka was at least partially embroidered only by the involvement of heavy artillery in the person of Igor Sechin and Vladimir Putin in arbitration.

At the end of 2011, Sergei Ivanov was promoted (headed the presidential administration), and Dmitry Rogozin took his place, who from the very beginning developed a vigorous activity in protecting the interests of industry from the encroachments of the military department. Ultimately, Rogozin received the right to expand the powers of the military-industrial complex and control over the Rosoboronzakaz, a key structure that monitors the implementation of the state defense order.

The question is purely political.

The problem of the current military-industrial complex is not even that, until recently, it had an insignificant staff and unspecified powers. Even if the commission works as it should and becomes what it was in Soviet times (and what Rogozin is now seeking from it), this simply delegates the problem to a higher level.

We repeat once again: the military-industrial complex in its current form with with great difficulty, but it can become a "tip" of the solidary interests of the defense industry and applied specialized science. But it will not be able to become a platform for strategic moderation of relations between government officials and the military with the directors' corps of the defense industry, with the exception of secondary technical issues, which are already resolved in working order. Conceptual clashes between the customer and the performer are much more difficult to unravel.

The Soviet scheme of managing the defense industry with the military-industrial complex under the Council of Ministers required an additional platform for authoritative political arbitration to stabilize. Such an element of balancing for all economic management bodies in the USSR has always been party structures of the appropriate level. The pressure of the most powerful defense complex had to be balanced with something, because. the influence of industry in the Council of Ministers only grew, often blocking even the voice of military customers.

Party structures of the appropriate level have always been a balancing element for all economic management bodies in the USSR. The work of the military-industrial complex was closely supervised by the defense industry department of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which was headed by Ivan Serbin in 1958-1981. The functions of the military-industrial complex and the defense department partially overlapped, which sometimes gave rise to conflicts, however, the authority of the highest party structure and the rigidity of Serbin, nicknamed "Ivan the Terrible" behind his back, made it possible to influence the decisions of the commission of the Council of Ministers, which was always closer to the interests of the final production.

But above this department there was another level - the position of the Secretary of the Central Committee for defense issues. In different years, this post was occupied, for example, by L.I. Brezhnev, D.F. Ustinov, G.V. Romanov - people of the first echelon of the collective leadership of the times of "developed socialism".

Functional analogues of this superstructure, authorized and capable of making strategic decisions on defense issues, in Russia in currently No.

Does the presidential administration have a defense department?

It can be noted with caution that the president's administration is now a distant analogue of the system of control, close to the party one. Newer staffing, sharpened to work with personnel of the federal executive power and control over the regions, there is neither an appropriate specialized apparatus (an analogue of the defense department of the Central Committee), nor a high-ranking leader (with a rank not lower than the deputy head of the Presidential Administration) responsible directly to the head of state.

Meanwhile, the head of the Presidential Administration, Sergei Ivanov, in his recent interview noted that, having left the government and the military-industrial complex, he continues to closely monitor key defense programs. That is, we have a continuation of the situation " manual control with opaque responsibility.

Decisions are made and carried out on the basis of a personal or tacit guarantee of the highest echelon of the political leadership, and somewhere one or two steps from the clouds in the void, a middle level of defense management (MIC) suddenly appears, from which the usual hierarchies of bureaucracy begin to stretch down. But the military-industrial complex itself is open from above to the emanations of the grand cosmos, incomprehensible in a rational way.

It is difficult to understand how this should be done. It is almost impossible to make the military-industrial complex the de facto top moderation structure. First of all, it is not structurally adapted to this, being the center of coordination of the state military industry. This means that it has a lobbying potential that is loyal to the production workers. Secondly, it will be against all the hardware rules of the era when the upper levels of acceptance strategic decisions close on the president and his apparatus.

Not to mention the fact that it is almost impossible to manage such a complex sector as the defense industry, saturated with heavyweight lobbyists, from the current level of accountability. Here you need to be not just a deputy prime minister ex officio, but to be included in a short list of influential decision-making associates of the president. (This, by the way, is the case of Sergei Ivanov before leaving for Staraya Square - in the 2000s he oversaw the military-industrial complex both as Minister of Defense and as Deputy Prime Minister.)

Thus, this does not solve the problem of "manual mode" and does not bring the state closer to the creation of a transparent system of institutions for regulating the defense complex. What is the alternative?

To start a defense department in the Presidential Administration - for example, by improvising on the basis of expanding the apparatus of a profile assistant to the president? That is, to legalize the current " manual mode", at least in some way pushing it from the category of informal "concepts" towards the institutionalization of management and responsibility.

This is, firstly, the multiplication of bureaucracy and the increase in control levels (not a key, but significant objection), and, secondly, again goes against the rules of the era.

After all, how many times has it been emphasized that the Presidential Administration does not interfere in government affairs, but only participates in the preparation of presidential instructions. If, within the framework of these rules, a control structure is established as part of the Presidential Administration, then the military-industrial complex will have to be transferred to Staraya Square, bring together the military, interested ministries and top management of defense monopolies there, and formalize decisions with the same presidential instructions to the White House.

These long, tedious arguments are intended to outline the main minefield in which the military-industrial complex can be blown up in its seventh decade. The issues of debugging the state defense order and pricing in industry are vital, but they can be solved with painstaking work. This was done throughout 2011 and continues to be done now, which has had a good effect on the current rate of placement of the State Defense Order.

But in matters of subordination, supervision, conflict resolution and the balance of interests and powers, there can be a lot of pitfalls. Especially in Russia, where formal titles sometimes do not mean as much as the name of the person who wears them.

History of the military-industrial complex

On December 6, 1957, by decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 1350-639, the Commission of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on military-industrial issues was formed, which was entrusted with the leadership and control over the work on the creation and rapid introduction into production of missile and jet weapons and other types of military equipment, as well as the coordination of these works between the industries of the defense complex (hereinafter referred to as the Military Industrial Commission).

The Military-Industrial Commission continued the activities of the Third Main Directorate of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Special Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, which made a significant contribution to the creation of the Moscow air defense system and nuclear weapons.

Under the leadership of the Military-Industrial Commission in the Soviet Union, samples of military equipment were developed in the most high-tech areas of weapons systems, thereby ensuring nuclear-missile parity and control over strategic weapons.

March 20, 2006 for implementation public policy in the field of the military-industrial complex, the Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation was formed (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 231).

September 10, 2014 by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 627 in order to implement state policy in the field of the military-industrial complex, military technical ensuring the country's defense, state security and law enforcement activities, the Military Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation was transformed into the Military Industrial Commission of the Russian Federation under the chairmanship of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin. The working body of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is the Collegium. It is headed by Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation D. O. Rogozin.

At the end of 2017, the board of the military-industrial complex plans to hold a number of anniversary events in connection with the 60th anniversary of the work of the Military-Industrial Commission.

A gallery of portraits of her former leaders. The impromptu exhibition opens with a portrait of Marshal of the Soviet Union Dmitry Ustinov, who was the first head of this body (1957-1963) and ends with the image of the President's special envoy for environmental protection, ecology and transport, Sergei Ivanov, who led the military-industrial complex from March 2006 to December 2011. In addition, the gallery presents photographs of Deputy Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers Leonid Smirnov (1963-1985), Deputy Minister of Defense Industry, First Deputy Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers Yuri Maslyukov (1985-1988 and 1991), Deputy Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers Igor Belousov (1988- 1990). The gallery is located in the foyer of the College of the Russian military-industrial complex.

Meeting of the Military-Industrial Commission / Photo: kremlin.ru

The Military-Industrial Commission of the Russian Federation is celebrating its anniversary. Sixty years ago, on December 6, 1957, the State Commission of the USSR Council of Ministers on military-industrial issues was created. Portalprofiok.com talks about why the countdown is from this date, although the management of the defense industry in our country began to line up much earlier.

Before the war: mobilization at any cost

War always presupposes a special clarity and coordination of actions. It is no coincidence that the first body that controlled the defense of the state on a national scale appeared precisely during the war. In 1915, during the First World War, the so-called Special Conference on Defense appeared (literally, the name sounded like this: “A Special Conference to discuss and unite measures for the defense of the state”). This government body, which included industrialists and representatives of state authorities, was headed by the Minister of War. A special meeting on defense resolved the issues of supplying the army and coordinated the activities industrial enterprises for the production of necessary products. By the way, enterprises were not always domestic: there were special Russian divisions in Japan, the USA and Great Britain, which placed orders with manufacturers in these countries. In modern terms, the Defense Conference placed and managed the execution of the state defense order (GOZ). There were also military-industrial committees - structures that ensured the production of the necessary weapons at private enterprises.

After the events of 1917 in the management of industry, including the military, there was whole line transformations. After several reorganizations, defense enterprises were subordinated to the Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKh). Actually, then no one really thought about defense: factories mastered peaceful production, armed forces decreased, military spending - even more so. This continued until the early 1930s, when war was in the air again.

Since 1932, defense enterprises came under the control of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry, from which the People's Commissariat of Defense Industry spun off in 1936. In 1938, the Military Industrial Commission (MIC) was created under the Defense Committee of the Council of People's Commissars, which consisted of the military leadership, as well as the heads of security and industry. The composition of this commission, for example, included Kliment Voroshilov (People's Commissar for Defense), Mikhail Kaganovich (People's Commissar for the Defense Industry), Nikolai Yezhov (head of the NKVD) and Nikolai Voznesensky (chairman of the State Planning Commission). The main task of the military-industrial complex was to prepare enterprises of the defense and non-defense profile to fulfill the orders of the Defense Committee. Simply put, this meant the mobilization of all the country's industries to fulfill a common task.

The military-industrial complex considered mobilization applications, checked calculations, compiled a consolidated mobilization plan (comparing it with the USSR State Planning Committee!), distributed tasks between the people's commissariats of the USSR and the union republics, controlled the distribution of orders between specific enterprises and their execution, proposed measures to increase production capacity, ensured the distribution of labor (including engineers and technicians), monitored the accumulation and storage of mobilization stocks, as well as the use of various technical inventions. If disagreements arose between various departments, the final decision was with the military-industrial complex.

During the Great Patriotic War took over the management of defense production State Committee defense.

Post-war period: gradual formation of the system

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the tasks of restoring the national economy came to the fore. Therefore, at first, the country's leadership did not create any single body for managing the military industry, and the development of industries was led by separate industry bureaus - for shipbuilding, aircraft building, mechanical engineering, and so on.

The restoration of the systemic leadership of the defense industry was discussed in 1948. One of the initiators of raising this issue was Dmitry Fedorovich Ustinov, who at that time held the post of Minister of Armaments. In his opinion, a single body should have been involved in coordinating the work of all branches of the defense industry and creating new models of weapons and military equipment. As a result, in 1951, under the presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, a Bureau for Military-Industrial Issues appeared, which was engaged in the removal and commissioning of certain types of products, planning research work, and discussing plans for military orders. True, it was advisory body: final decisions still accepted by the Council of Ministers.

In 1953, another series of reorganizations followed: the branch bureaus were liquidated, and the deputy chairmen of the USSR Council of Ministers, as well as the Bureau of the Council of Ministers, were engaged in coordinating the activities of various branches of the defense industry.

On December 6, 1957, the Commission on Military-Industrial Issues (VPK) was established under the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. This body worked for 34 years - until the collapse of the Soviet Union. Today we can say that the heyday of the Soviet defense industry fell precisely on the period of the existence of the military-industrial complex.

The Military-Industrial Commission coordinated the work on the creation of new types of weapons and military equipment, together with the State Planning Commission was engaged in the development of defense industries, was responsible for the implementation of plans, for raising the technological level of production, for the quality and cost of products, participated in the development of weapons programs, offered figures for expenditures USSR for the development and production of weapons and military equipment. All this happened as follows: at first, the Commission carefully studied the materials and prepared state decisions, and after their adoption, it controlled the implementation.

Over time, the scope of the Commission's activities has expanded. Since the early 1960s, the military-industrial complex has controlled the formation and approval of R&D plans for the creation of weapons and military equipment, since the late 1960s it has coordinated the development of chemical and nuclear weapons, since the 1970s - laser weapons and the creation of so-called non-traditional types of weapons. Under the leadership of the Military-Industrial Commission in the USSR, high-tech models of military equipment were created, which provided our country with a confident position in the international arena.

The Military Industrial Commission oversaw the activities of nine ministries that ensured the development of various branches of the defense industry. The legendary "nine", which, it must be said, is still periodically sighed by representatives of the national defense industry, included the ministries of defense, aviation, shipbuilding, electronics, electrical engineering, radio and chemical industry, as well as general and medium engineering. At the same time, the military-industrial complex had the right, if necessary, to attract the resources of all civilian departments that were related to the production military products. The decisions taken by the Commission were binding - just like the decisions of the Council of Ministers.

The Military-Industrial Commission included representatives of the governing bodies of the Soviet Union, as well as representatives of research institutes, design bureaus and military-industrial enterprises, and the Ministry of Defense. It is important that these were not just, in modern terms, managers. They were engineers, scientists, representatives of the manufacturing sector, who knew the specifics of their institutions and industries and were ready to make proposals worthy of implementation.

Under the military-industrial complex, a scientific and technical council was also created, which included more than a hundred well-known scientists up to academicians and corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Meetings of the Military-Industrial Commission were held, as a rule, weekly and always in the same place - in the Oval Hall of the Kremlin.

Throughout the 34 years of the existence of the military-industrial complex, not a single important decision related to the defense sphere was made without it. Managing the development of the Soviet defense industry from a single center allowed the USSR to create new models of weapons and military equipment that are not inferior in quality foreign analogues. As a result, strategic parity was achieved with NATO countries and the United States of America. Nuclear weapons and the missile and space defense system developed, shipbuilding and aviation developed, and the most daring design solutions were introduced into industrial production.

The revival of the military-industrial complex in modern Russia

After a rather long failure in the management of military-industrial production in the 1990s, the country's leadership again remembered a comprehensive approach to the leadership of the defense industry. Apparently, decisions were made on the basis of studying the experience of the USSR, which means that it was decided to preserve and continue historical traditions. In the summer of 1999, the Commission on Military-Industrial Issues was created under the government, and in 2006, by presidential decree, it was transformed into the Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.

For several years, the military-industrial complex was headed by Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov, then by Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin (from 2012 to 2014).

On September 10, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree according to which the Military Industrial Commission came under his direct supervision. Dmitry Rogozin took the post of deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex and chairman of the collegium of the military-industrial complex. Such a reform ensured an increase in the status of the military-industrial complex, which means that the solution of issues related to the defense industry began to take place even more clearly.

Today, the Military-Industrial Commission solves the problems of creating new models of weapons and military equipment, coordinates the implementation of the state armament program and the state defense order, oversees military-technical cooperation, implements import substitution programs in the defense industry, monitors the modernization of defense industry enterprises and helps them solve problems related to with production diversification.

“The defense industry has really changed beyond recognition over the past few years,” said the Deputy Director of the Center economic development and Certification (CERS INES) Yuri Smyslov. - A systematic approach works wonders: enterprises finally felt like part of a single whole, gained confidence that the state would not leave them to their fate as the state defense order decreased, as happened in the early 1990s. It is important that the leaders of the military-industrial complex see system management not only in purely managerial tasks, but also, for example, in the management of applied scientific research. Most recently, the institute of general designers and general technologists was introduced into the military-industrial complex, which makes it possible to consolidate efforts to create advanced weapons systems.

It is important that the board of the military-industrial complex devotes a lot of effort to the formation of the personnel potential of the industry. With the active participation of Oleg Ivanovich Bochkarev, Deputy Chairman of the Board of the Military-Industrial Complex of the Russian Federation, INES developed a special course for the heads of enterprises of the military-industrial complex "Strategic Management", within which several hundred leaders of the domestic defense industry improved their skills. Oleg Ivanovich Bochkarev is pleased to meet not only with the directors of enterprises, but also with promising young professionals - for example, he personally attended the finals of the All-Russian competition "Young Analyst". When the defense industry sees that they are not just "ruled" but are trying to build a dialogue, the work goes much more productively.

As for the experience of the USSR, it is really invaluable and it can really be used - of course, adjusted for modern conditions. Not so long ago, we held a seminar for students of the special course "Strategic Management", where Georgy Dmitrievich Kolmogorov, who in Soviet times held the post of chairman of the USSR State Committee for Standards, spoke. The continuity of traditions was felt right in the process of dialogue: it was noticeable that the current defense industry and the representative of the Soviet defense industry understand each other perfectly. However, nothing strange: by and large, their tasks are similar.

Hence the wishes of today's military-industrial complex: unity of purpose, clarity and loyalty to traditions. The leaders of the Russian defense industry have someone to look up to.”

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