Organization: MBOU gymnasium No. 1
Location: Kemerovo Region, Belovo
Target - creating conditions for students to study their personal and individual psychological characteristics in the light of the professionally important qualities of the legal profession.
Tasks:
To form students' ideas about the conditions for a successful professional choice.
To expand students' understanding of the profession of a lawyer and law enforcement.
Create conditions that allow students to assess their interests and capabilities through modeling elements professional activity lawyer.
Develop reflective skills as a condition for the formation of a professional orientation (ability to make informed choices).
Lesson progress
How many hours does a person spend at work in a lifetime? It is estimated that on average professional activity takes a person 87,600 hours. Many or few? A lot, so it is important not to make a mistake with the choice of profession.
What should be taken into account for this? (Student answers: understand what you are interested in, learn as much as possible about the profession, about the requirements for knowledge, personal qualities, evaluate your opportunities, labor market requirements, etc.).
Your answers fit into one of the formulas for professional success: "I want - I can - I must."
"I want" - these are desires, goals, interests of a person
"I can" is abilities, talents
"Necessary" is the demand for specialists in this profession in the labor market. Accounting and combination of these three components leads to professional success.
What profession will we talk about today? Attention to the screen.
(Video fragment from the cartoon "The Bremen Town Musicians" "I am a brilliant detective").
Who will formulate the topic of our lesson? (Profession lawyer)
A lawyer is a specialist in the field of law. The profession of a lawyer includes a whole group of professions. What professions can you name? (Student answers)
How, for example, is the profession of a lawyer different from the profession of an investigator?
What are the professional duties of a legal adviser?
What does a criminologist do?
Exercise "Motivation". Do you have certain ideas about legal professions, but do you have a desire to become a lawyer?
I propose to complete the sentence: "I could (could not) choose the profession of a lawyer, because ..."
Exercise "Lotto". Thank you for your points of view, but, in my opinion, your arguments were somewhat superficial and, to a greater extent, relied on your worldly ideas about the profession.
Today we will try not only to gain new knowledge, but also to model some elements of the professional activities of a lawyer, which will allow you to more carefully assess your interests and capabilities.
In any profession there is a PVK, i.e. requirements for knowledge, skills, personal qualities. I propose to draw up a PRC for the profession of a lawyer.
You need to choose from the proposed list of qualities those that, in your opinion, are necessary for successful career lawyer.
(Students work in groups. Appendix 1)
What unites all people working in the field of jurisprudence?
(Knowledge of laws and legal norms is one of the main competencies of a lawyer).
Exercise "Crime in fairy tales". You have to investigate some situations from the life of fairy-tale characters and determine whether they contain elements of a crime, violations of the law
- Fairy tale "Frost". The stepmother, who harassed her stepdaughter, forced her to work, choosing physically difficult and dirty work, and then completely forced her husband to take her stepdaughter to the forest and leave her in the bitter cold. (Use of slave labor in relation to a minor; leaving in danger)
- The Snow Queen flies through the city streets, looks into the windows and the windows are covered with frosty patterns, the flowers on the windows freeze, the birds die. (infliction of moral and material damage).Kai tried several times to untie his sled, but the man in the fur coat kept nodding to him, and he continued to follow him. (kidnapping).
- "Twelve months". The stepdaughter either drags water, or brings brushwood from the forest, or rinses clothes on the river, while her daughter lies on the featherbed all day and eats gingerbread
- Criminal Code of the Russian Federation use of slave labor
- Convention on the Rights of the Child. Every child has the right to have his or her personality protected from all forms of exploitation and abuse.
- Convention on Human Rights. Right to rest
- "Kid and Carlson". What violates Carlson? (does not pay taxes using airspace)
- "Thumbelina". Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Kidnapping.
- Mamin Sibiryak"Gray Neck", Charles Perrault "Little Red Riding Hood". UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Parents have a duty to ensure the safety of their children.
- "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish". "Fool you are a simpleton ..." Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Protection of honor and dignity, excluding the humiliation of a person.
We noted that in the profession of a lawyer (and especially in the work of an investigator) observation is very important, i.e. the ability to notice essential properties of people, objects and phenomena that are hardly noticeable at first glance.
Exercise "Photofit" or forensic bureau.
Now you have to test your powers of observation and visual memory in action. Everyone knows that often when searching for criminals, the police resort to the help of an identikit.
Now you will be presented with a portrait of the alleged criminal within 7 seconds. Then, from fragments of portraits, you need to make an identikit, a face that resembles the object indicated to you as much as possible. (For work, you will need various portraits cut from newspapers, magazines, postcards, old photographs).
Exercise "Detective Agency"(Annex 2)
Which of the literary heroes, thanks to his analytical abilities and observation could unravel, it would seem, the most hopeless cases? (Sherlock Holmes).
Now each of you can be in this role. Our groups are detective agencies and they have an excellent reputation.
You are successful in investigating any cases, and today the director of one school approached you with a statement. The fact is that 2 hours before the start of the New Year's concert, an upset class teacher of the 8th grade "B" entered his office. She said, "Unfortunately, tonight's events are in jeopardy as one very important thing is missing."
You have to investigate What gone, Who took it and Where it is located. All the materials necessary for the investigation are on your desks. Read the cards carefully, explore the versions, look for a logical connection.
After voicing versions, the participants of the game discuss its results. How was the work in the group? How did you come to this version?
Outcome. Now, let's go back to our class.
What did we do today?(student answers).
broadened the concept of the profession
performed tasks that required analytical skills (find correspondences, relationships, classified, generalized, argued). In addition, they explored their personal characteristics: observation, intuition, the ability to work in a team.
I ask you to analyze your work against the criteria outlined in the Introspection Chart.
If you scored from 11-16 points - as a homework, I suggest that you continue to analyze the profession of a lawyer (the pros and cons of the profession, where you can get an education, etc.).
If you scored from 7 to 11 points, then your interest in the profession of a lawyer is not so obvious for you, and the ETC of this profession did not manifest itself in full. As homework, you can collect information about similar professions, such as a teacher of law, a polygraph examiner, a customs officer, criminal psychologist to draw a final conclusion.
Literature
Sadliy, O. N. I live my childhood many times ... [Text]: career guidance event / O. N. Sadliy, Zh. M. Belykh // Forms and methods of career guidance for students: a collection guidelines/ author-compiler: I. A. Kilina, E. V. Ponamareva; under. total ed. V. I. Sakharova. - Kemerovo: GOU "KRIRPO", 2013. - 94p.
Annex 1.
|
Russian language |
Honesty |
|
Story |
organization |
|
Social science |
Stress resistance |
|
Chemistry |
Submission to someone else's opinion |
|
Right |
Skill to work in team |
|
Foreign language |
Discipline |
|
Logical thinking |
Artistic ability |
|
Observation |
Communication skills |
|
Geography |
Erudition |
Applications2.
Hint card
What's missing?
Money
Children's gifts
Camera
Cool magazine
Phonogram of songs
Suit of Snow Maiden
Who took?
Prokhor, Anfisa's classmate
Photographer Sergey Petrovich
Class teacher Arseny Fedorovich
New Year's Concert Director
Anfisa, 7th grade student "B"
technical
Where is?
In the utility room
In the closet
In a bag
In a box from under Christmas decorations
In the gym locker room
Witness testimony
Anfisa loves to perform on stage and sings well
Parents will not let Anfisa go to Spain for the winter holidays if there is at least one four
Anfisa has "4" in physical education for the six months
Anfisa with the whole class today decorated the class with tinsel
Prokhor is secretly in love with Anfisa
Prokhor is fond of photography and music
Prokhor wasn't at school today
Prokhor today was looking for an expensive gift for Anfisa
Prokhor often gets deuces
The cleaning lady has the flu and has been at home for three days
The cleaning lady loves sweets
The cleaner's granddaughter Katya dreams of acting as the Snow Maiden
Photo camera in a photographer's bag
Gym and locker room were closed all day
In the utility room only buckets and rags
In the box of Christmas decorations, not only tinsel
The students put the rest of the tinsel in a box.
Snow Maiden costume for the girl Lena, who plays this role
Gifts will be brought to the beginning of the concert
Nobody lost money
They rehearse to the soundtrack in the auditorium
Photographer walks with a big bag
Photographer Sergei Petrovich has a very valuable camera
The photographer has no children
Photographer Sergey Petrovich is a decent and honest person
The photographer will come to school for the evening just before the start of the concert
director dreams of good camera
The director did not leave the auditorium all day
The class teacher of 7 "B" before the New Year's concert is going to inform parents about grades for the quarter
The class teacher keeps public money in a wallet
The class teacher is not to blame
Estimates for the half year have been submitted so far only in the journal
There are only books in the closet
Elena Shraydar
Conversation with students on career guidance "The profession of a lawyer and its moral aspects"
Choosing the future profession Not everyone follows a calling. Many are looking for themselves where in the future they can try to get a good income. Today at the peak of popularity legal profession. He may later become lawyer. But for this you need to go through a special procedure: get the necessary work experience for more than two years, pass a qualifying exam and as a result - a certificate for the right to practice advocacy.
ABOUT legal profession among prosecutors "employees" they say either a lot of bad things or nothing good. But advocate, at least in many civilized and, as we believe, legal Western countries, this profession with which to start career all judges. Not from the prosecutor, who is subjected only to an accusatory bias and seems to be alien to simple human suffering for an unlawful conviction, namely law practice gives"sprouts" professional"movement" forward to each novice judge. Sometimes the generally accepted principles of ethics and morality surpass the dry provisions of the norms. "crooked" rights.
Experienced advocate the defender does not neglect the interests of justice and is always ready for equality of arms in court with the prosecution, as it is prescribed in the Code of Criminal Procedure of Russia. And I think that sooner or later, our legal system will turn to the side lawyer and will see in him the successor of the court and the beginning of the growth of the judge. This is accepted almost all over the world, alas, Russia is an exception in this list of countries, as always.
Advocate, was never included in "favorites" justice. Advocacy, what in pre-revolutionary Russia that in the post-Soviet space has never been lucky. Ask anyone lawyer, which of the generations of his colleagues can boast of a benevolent attitude towards his corporation, both on the part of the prosecutor's office and the court.
Reviewing work advocacy since the 80s of the last century different structures law enforcement system, one can observe that judges and prosecutors took lawyer insignificant role in the judicial process, always "dragged" justice blanket on your side. Both judges and prosecutors, including their "juniors" brother investigators looked at lawyer as"tolerant evil" that must be experienced.
If you look at history the profession of a lawyer in Soviet times, That advocate in political trials in court, he was simply obliged to publicly condemn his client for the acts that he committed against the entire Soviet people and, after branding his client at the table of justice, ask the judge for leniency. It was "disgrace" but it was imposed lawyer statesmen and defenders carried out this mission in order to remain in their professions. Yes, they were scary times that are not touched so deep in the moral aspect, no other profession in"legal fraternal community" that country called the Soviet Union. But it is with that "planets" came and are currently working in all law enforcement agencies people with "bruised accusatory" past.
The profession of a lawyer is moral mirror of the morality of society and the more lawyer of moral aspect and ethics the more he is committed to his professions.
The general idea of the legal profession can be reduced, as, for example, in the expressions of some representatives of the prosecutor's office, that the activities lawyer it"bought conscience" who drags him profession.
However, when these "doers" find themselves cornered by their own colleagues, "more zealous" any "criminal" scream about their violated rights and "postavakh". In a private conversation, lost and former carriers "epaulette" crying and talking lawyer stuff like that about your ex "partners in the shop" from which the hair stands on end. And it is at this time that help lawyer, which they "spread rot" last night this morning the most needed, and advocate the dearest and closest person in the world. And then, opening your eyes, you see and understand that personal human grief and suffering makes a former official of any rank belong to the legal profession respectfully, which he always deserves and not only when you are alone with him in the investigation room of the prison.
In my work advocate treats the defendants regardless of their past, always giving preference to no one in the same way and, seeing the innocence of the client, strives to help him with all the strength of his talent, and not to settle scores with a sick and cornered former procedural opponent.
Lawyer Profession it's a constant struggle with the system "misunderstandings" and bureaucratic arbitrariness in any capacity and rank. Fallen under an openly punishing sword "blind" justice is difficult to evade the onslaught of such a state machine, and many people, even former high-ranking officials, cannot stand alone, and then comes to their aid advocate with his well-established morality and conscience, with his defense against an absurd accusation. It seems that this time, the judge will not fall asleep under his debate, and the prosecutor will not read another stupid detective story in the courtroom.
Well said that advocacy cannot be an oasis in the entire law enforcement system. advocacy there is an element of a real legal worldview in the entire judicial system and stands next to her, but not aside and not apart, which some would like to see "enemies" defense lawyer.
Lawyer Profession recognized as free profession. It is built on the rule of law, independence and unconditional trust. Thus, advocate is completely independent.
He must independently and honestly, freely and on principle, confidentially and tolerantly approach the execution of his official duties to protect the personal interests of their clients.
Besides, advocate should monitor his own dignity, maintain personal prestige at a high level.
In his daily work, he needs to assert the respect of citizens for justice.
What is special about work lawyer and where can he apply his knowledge? To date, the established lawyers have a choice: he can conduct his activities individually, open his own Law Office, as well as unite with their partners in the board, law firms.
The desire to protect, to provide competent legal assistance in the shortest possible time, the daily desire to achieve justice is the main mission professional lawyer. He must organize his work in such a way that his competence and professional skills were not in doubt among his clients. After all, protecting is always easier than limiting.
Class lawyer activity requires strict storage of information that he receives from the client, since the opposite entails the loss lawyer's title.
Successful advocate should have these qualities. How:
performance;
Reliability;
Logical thinking;
friendliness;
Stealth;
Responsibility;
Flexibility of mind;
Accuracy;
Initiative;
Mathematical ability;
Analytical thinking;
Deductive thinking;
The ability to control emotions.
You can become a lawyer, having graduated from a law school, technical school or even courses.
an integral part of the science of advocacy is advocacy ethics.
For the role lawyer assigned as if double responsibility: on the one hand, he must act in the interests of the state, and on the other hand, in the interests of the individual. Thus, on lawyer a number of obligations are imposed, which are both legal and moral in nature, entering into mutual contradiction.
Therefore, the task lawyer ethics is the search for balance and equilibrium between professional duties and interests of the state.
A number of erroneous postulates relating to legal profession:
Lawyer is a magician, he has artifacts with which you can instantly solve many problems. This is not entirely true - after all, the result, the final decision on the case depends on lawyer only partially.
Lawyers know all the laws by heart.
And this opinion is wrong. Mostly, lawyers highly specialized, i.e., they are engaged either in criminal cases or work in civil cases, which is more valued than specialists of a general profile.
Compliance Guarantees professional ethics is ensured by a number of organizational and corporate measures, which are substantiated by regulatory legal acts.
Rules lawyer ethics in the appointment of a fee. Determining the amount of the fee for their services, each advocate should take into account several important circumstances:
The complexity of a particular case;
Time spent on consultations conversations and litigation;
The financial situation of your client;
Own experience and reputation;
Expenses for the services of certain professionals whose services were required for the case.
For misconduct, representatives of the licensing authority have the right to apply various disciplinary penalties:
Warning that this is an illegal violation current Rules professional ethics lawyers;
Deprivation of a license granting permission to conduct activities lawyer.
The statutes and discipline regulations of any association lawyers in some cases, other options for disciplinary action are also provided.
The decision to bear responsibility for the violation can be appealed in court.
Therefore, everyone lawyer must adhere professional ethics demonstrating the dignity and honor of all lawyer corps.
In contact with
Classmates
Hello, in this article we will try to answer the question "How to explain to a preschooler what kind of profession a lawyer is." You can also consult with lawyers online for free directly on the site.
But the worst thing was that both kindergarten teachers and teachers disappeared - there was no one else to teach children useful things and literacy. After all, teaching is also a profession. Teachers teach children to count, read, write, tell them about how our world works, how it used to be, and much more.
In order for your story to be effective, that is, not only deposited in the memory of the baby, but also received an emotional resonance, you must explain to the child in a fascinating way, firstly, what is the meaning of a particular profession, and secondly, what are its features, well, what does, for example, a baker do. Avoid being dismissive and even less giving negative assessments.
In order for the baby to be interested, it is important to observe a fundamental point: the sequence from observing a particular type of activity to a story about it. And you don't have to force things. Start with those professions that aroused interest in the child. For example, you are walking down the street, there is a construction site nearby, where a crane is working, the child asks: what is it?
Would schoolchildren be interested in a story about the profession of a lawyer? Your opinion?
The usefulness of the sectoral approach lies in the fact that the horizons of the child are significantly expanded and an interconnected idea of the world of adults is formed. It remains to come up with an interesting way to tell children about it, to turn knowledge into a game. And even better - in a set role-playing games adding emotional experiences.
Let's talk about choosing a profession: when does it make sense to think about it? Are the mugs early development and sections on interests preparing the child for future career guidance? What should a teenager rely on when choosing a university? What matters when choosing a profession? How to competently change a profession in adulthood?
Advantages of the profession: moral satisfaction from practical benefits for society; legal literacy as a basis for legal protection; decent salary.
No, she quit. First, in a savings bank, then in a special savings bank, then she quit. And what my father does, I don't know.
Children about professions - we tell in a fairy tale
You may not find a profession to your liking in a lifetime, but you can understand everything about yourself even before school. Such cases are rather an exception, but from the age of three or four, a child begins to develop a love for work. And then you can start talking about a possible career.
It is very good to tell kids about this or that profession during the game, walks in the fresh air, and even, strange as it may seem, while eating.
The first professional lawyers include members of the College of Pontiffs of Ancient Rome. Jurisprudence is one of the areas of human activity that has remained relevant for centuries and millennia. Originating in ancient civilization, it changed, improved, expanded its geographical and social boundaries.
Some children named several professions. One boy said that he would like to work "in the police, the president and the military", and the other wants to become a paleontologist, study dinosaurs, but would also like to become a cook or a pilot.
For role-playing games, we decided to turn to the most familiar format - a fairy tale. Thanks to playwrights Vadim Novak and Andrey Kravchenko, we wrote our own fairy tale for each industry, uniting them with common characters. We called this series profiskazki.
Student questions:
- What determined your choice of legal profession?
- What difficulties did you experience while studying at the institute?
- What advice would you give to current graduates who dream of becoming a lawyer?
Many high school students dream of becoming a lawyer, because they believe that their job is only to speak beautifully at court hearings. Try to explain to the child that in our time you are HORRIBLE from many questions here and conclusions !!!
And we gave just a few examples, in fact, there are much more unusual types of employment. The profession of "lawyer" against the background of this "fun" list seems to be almost the most ancient and understandable. What do the representatives of this specialty actually do and what skills should they have?
The girl, the doctor's daughter, said she didn't want to be a doctor, "because there might be a lot of people there, but my daughter is bored at home."
Thirdly, independence, objectivity and fairness. It is also important to know and comply with the norms of ethics and law.
The profession of a lawyer is one of the most demanded today. Moreover, she is still considered fashionable and prestigious among many school graduates. This is probably why there is a lot of competition for legal advice when applying to higher educational institutions. What to tell children about the work of a lawyer?
The choice of profession should depend on him. After all, if he chooses a faculty under your pressure, then studying will be perceived by him as a duty. If he himself makes a choice, then all the years of study he will strive to gain knowledge for the sake of his beloved profession.
Who is an economist, profession description CHILD DEVELOPMENT: Professions Cards Let's get acquainted! My profession is a lawyer - F, which must be observed, unemployment does not threaten lawyers. All lawyers, whether a lawyer or a prosecutor, a notary or an investigator, are united by one goal - the preservation of law and order.
The profession of a lawyer is a very broad concept, which includes many different areas, which I will discuss a little later.
Select - selected. How about applying?
The profession of a lawyer belongs to the class of heuristic, it is associated with analysis, research, interaction with other people. This requires erudition, resourcefulness, originality of thinking, the desire for development and constant learning.
In the morning and afternoon we held classes with different groups in kindergarten, and after an afternoon snack, they exchanged results and corrected fairy tales - until they got the perfect constructor. A fairy tale can be effectively told to children and four, and seven, and ten years old, while maintaining the sequence technological processes, but changing the level of detail of the story.
Lawyers call all servants of the law. In the profession of a lawyer, many specialties are distinguished, based on activities in various branches of law.
Manager - an employee of the administration, administration of any institution, the head of any industry or administrative-territorial unit, official, manager, director, head, administrator.
What does a lawyer need to know and be able to do?
A person from 25 years old can become a judge. Salary of a Lawyer Place of Work A lawyer can work: Places of work for lawyers are usually registered according to specialization and often contain some restrictions in terms of alternative activities. Scientific, teaching and creative activities are allowed without restrictions.
But how to tell children about professions in such a way as to arouse interest and at the same time not distort the essence of the craft?
It is necessary to understand that only a few become eminent lawyers, and a difficult path of improvement in the profession and constant self-education leads to success, as well as in another profession. The profession of a lawyer is a broad concept for several specialties: a lawyer, a notary, a prosecutor, an investigator, a judge. Distinguish between civil and criminal areas. Each specialization has its own nuances.
And yet there are limitations for lawyers. For example, they cannot be deputies or hold other bureaucratic positions in the state apparatus. Such restrictions are quite logical: a lawyer should be guided only by the law, and not by his own interests.
The goals of labor in these areas may be different.
Secondly, citizenship, a sense of responsibility and duty. After all, a client who turns to a lawyer, in a sense, entrusts him with his fate and well-being.
And that's why mom and dad called them why. And one day the little girls were walking in the yard and playing merrily. Katya took out a candy from her pocket, which she took with her from home, unwrapped it, quickly put it in her mouth and threw the candy wrapper on the ground. Lera, seeing how cheerfully the wind picked up the paper and carried it on the road, did the same with her candy wrapper.
What professions do the current six-year-olds like? We conducted a survey on this topic in Moscow kindergartens.
Doctors no longer came to the sick. After all, a doctor is also a profession. It is the doctor who treats all diseases - both a sore throat, and a runny nose, and if someone is injured. Doctors always rushed to help the sick, and when help was needed very urgently, they came in a special car, which was called “ambulance”.
Many high school students dream of becoming a lawyer, because they believe that their job is only to speak beautifully at court hearings. Try to explain to your child that nowadays all lawyers are overworked and have no free time.
These can be various kinds of contracts, powers of attorney, copies of documents, extracts from documents, etc. The notary also has a considerable responsibility, since professionally drawn up and certified by him documents prevent the occurrence of problematic moments for his clients in the future. You can work as a notary in both public and private notary offices.
So, an interesting story would help them to put together a correct, adequate idea of the people of this profession.
But not only, in addition to this, the prosecutor's office monitors compliance with legislative norms, sometimes performs the functions of an investigator (see below). Prosecutors work in state structures: the prosecutor's office and the courts.
What to be: choosing a profession from an early age?
And the girls decided to go home - they no longer wanted to play. But an unpleasant surprise awaited them at home - the house was somehow not like that - it was all cracked, ugly, as if no one had repaired it for a long time.
After all, in order for the store to work again, a seller is needed - a person who will sell what is in the store, take money from customers and give them what they want, put goods on the counter. And there is nothing else to sell. Previously, we had a baker - he baked delicious pies and buns, various breads.
What is the best way to tell preschoolers about professions? The answer is quite obvious: to be both fun and interesting, and useful and informative. But the most difficult task not in how to talk, but about what professions to talk about, and about which ones - no.
Watch our video, which we shot on the eve of the International Congress of Legal Services LawSpring-2016.
It would have been boring for me at school age, especially about a lawyer in civil legal cases. Now, if it's criminal, that's another matter. Schoolchildren are most often more interested in listening to such adrenaline stories about murders and so on, especially considering that children are very cruel now.
The profession of a lawyer includes a large number of different areas. Let's look at the most popular legal specialties.
However, with age, priorities change. Often, every few months, the baby has new aspirations in relation to future profession. Yes, and we are still talking about the profession only in general terms.
In contact with
Lawyer is the person who enforces the law. Law arose when people entered into certain relationships with each other.
For example, Robinson Crusoe, who lived alone, did not need any laws at all. He had no one to sort things out with. But as soon as Friday appeared, the possibility of conflicts arose between Robinson and his servant, strengthening the rights of one at the expense of the rights of the other. The law was needed. Laws were developed by lawyers and recorded in special books - codes.
Lawyers are different: lawyers, prosecutors, judges. Lawyers protect the interests of people in court, and also provide legal assistance. A lawyer defends in court the rights of any person who turns to him for help. He collects materials that could help his client, gives a speech in his defense to commute the sentence. The judge is the main person in the court, he monitors the observance of laws, studies cases and decides on the guilt or innocence of a person. The prosecutor (or, as it is also called, the accuser) accuses the person who appears before the court on the basis of the facts collected by him. Court accepts final decision whether to put a person in prison or release, after hearing the prosecutor, lawyer, jury, whose opinion the judges cannot disregard. (Jurors are people who are present at the trial and express their opinion on the case before the final decision on it.)
To become a lawyer, you need to study at a law school, where future lawyers study laws in which they must be very well versed, because a person’s life depends on their word. What a responsible profession!
There are many glorious professions,
There are probably a million
But the lawyer is the most important,
After all, there is a LAW behind it.
The lawyer gives advice to everyone,
Both big and children
What is legal and what is not
He will always answer
Explain to us and tell us
And criminals will be punished.
Certificate of registration of copyright for the work N10774 dated August 17, 2004, issued by the State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
Laws are changing
but the logic of law remains unchanged for many years.
Therefore, the law must first of all be understood
The boy Vitya sometimes did not understand what his relatives and friends were talking about. Coming home from work, dad was sometimes very pleased, brought flowers and champagne to mom, gave Vita a new toy and said that today was his lucky day - he made a profitable DEAL. Sometimes dad, on the contrary, came home from work gloomy, and read the newspaper or watched TV all evening. He told his mother that SUPPLIERS violate the terms of the CONTRACT and act not according to the LAW. When dad allowed Uncle Vita to drive his car, they went to draw up a POWER OF ATTORNEY. One day, a piece of paper fell out of my grandmother's box. Vitya picked it up and read the incomprehensible word printed at the top: "WILL". Vitya understood that these words are very important, because adults always say them with a serious look. These words, like magic spells, induce them to rejoice or grieve. Vitya decided at all costs to understand what the meaning of these words and their magical power is. He went to his grandmother and asked him to explain everything to him, and his grandmother puzzled him even more, saying that all this was JURISPRUDENCE. Vitya involuntarily frowned at such words. Grandmother laughed and said that she would introduce Vitya to their family lawyer, Wizard Juris. He knows everything about jurisprudence and will help Vita.
The magician Juris explained to Vita that, of course, he was not a real magician. But for the fact that Juris knows the laws and knows how to draw up different juristic documents, Vitya's grandmother, out of respect, calls him a magician. All these incomprehensible words to Vita - LEGAL TERMS are really very important in our life. They were invented by lawyers. These words are actually like magic spells. They can create joy and sadness in people. Therefore, having learned what these words mean and what they are for, Vitya will also become a bit of a magician. But, everything is in order. First, the magician Juris told Vitya, we need to tell you who lawyers are. Meeting 1. Who are lawyers. How to become a lawyer Lawyers are people who know the law and can apply it. A lawyer is an adviser to a citizen and an enterprise in legal matters, a defender of their interests. A lawyer is also a representative of the state, who monitors compliance with the rules of conduct that are uniform for all, and also, on the basis of the law, determines the measure of responsibility for the violator. Lawyers explain laws so that everyone can understand them. After all, knowing the law is the first step to obeying it. The circle of activity of the lawyer is very wide. Therefore, usually lawyers in their activities deal with some separate issues on the application of the law. That is, each lawyer has his own specialization, or in other words - a legal position. There are many such positions and we will now get acquainted with the main ones. A JUDGE is a representative of a special state power - the judiciary. If someone has violated a criminal or administrative law, if there is a property, labor or family dispute. In these cases, according to the law, a special body of the state - the court considers these issues. In most cases, this happens openly, in a court session, where everyone can come. The judge listens to everyone who knows something about this case, considers the evidence. After analyzing all this data, he makes a decision. If the law is broken, the judge determines the punishment for the offender. If a dispute arises, the judge resolves it. For all decisions of the court are binding and all must obey them. Because the state entrusted the court to apply the common law for all to resolve a separate case, a dispute. Judges are not dependent on anyone. They only obey the law. The state is interested in the laws being executed by everyone. And if the judge, resolving a specific case in court, makes a final decision or sentence, the implementation of the law by everyone on behalf of the state is monitored by the Prosecutor. In other words, the prosecutor protects the law itself from unlawful encroachments, monitors the correct application of the law. It is intended to help eliminate violations of the law. The main task of the prosecutor is that he monitors the performance of his duties by all: enterprises, organizations, government bodies, citizens. But the prosecutor not only monitors the implementation of the law. He can also investigate crimes himself. In addition, the prosecutor, on behalf of the state, accuses those who are suspected of committing a crime in court. In case of violation of civil laws, at the initiative of the prosecutor, a case may be initiated in court to protect the rights of citizens and state interests. The prosecutor may begin to participate in the judicial review of any case, if the interests of citizens and the state require it. The prosecutor is also obliged to take care of compensation for damage caused to the state and state organizations. An investigator is a lawyer who investigates the most dangerous type of violation of the law. This violation is provided for in the criminal code and is called a crime. If a crime is committed, the investigator must objectively examine all the circumstances that are connected with it. The investigator must interview witnesses, and also, with the help of material evidence, establish those who committed the crime. It is also important to prove that the person who committed the crime understood its dangerous consequences and can be held responsible for the crime due to his age and mental health. These are the main, but not all, tasks of the investigator, who collects everything documented in a criminal case. necessary information about the crime and the people who committed it. The quality of the work of the investigator often determines whether the offender will be punished. The very question of punishing the offender is decided in court. Some legal actions, because of their importance or complexity, are certified in a special way. For example, to make a will, it is not enough just to write it on paper. It is necessary that this document be certified by a special lawyer - Notary. The notary is specially authorized by the state. He has the right to confirm that the document is legally correct. He also explains to persons their legal rights and responsibilities. Therefore, contacting a notary guarantees that a person will represent the legal consequences of his action and will not defraud his property. In addition, the notary is personally responsible for the correctness of the committed legal action and bears responsibility for it. A notary can also confirm the rights to property. For example, he issues a certificate of inheritance. It can certify the transfer of the right to property. For example, when selling a car, a notary can certify such an agreement. A notary can certify a person's signature on a document and then there will be no disputes about who signed the document. A notary may perform other actions at the request of citizens and organizations. main goal This is to give facts, actions and documents legal credibility. That is, so that no one has any doubts about certain facts, actions and documents. ATTORNEY - this is the lawyer who helps everyone understand the laws. To become a lawyer, a lawyer passes an exam and if he does it successfully, he receives a special Certificate. If someone has a legal question, he turns to his lawyer for clarification. Lawyers often defend legal rights citizens and organizations in courts and before other citizens and organizations. A lawyer may collect documents and other evidence to protect the interests of his client in court and other bodies. A lawyer always defends the interests of his client, which can be anyone who needs legal assistance. Lawyers help everyone figure out whether their legal rights are being violated or not. After all, the same action can be legal and illegal. For example, if one person destroys a house that another person lives in, it may be against the law. However, if the house has become unusable due to old age, it is dangerous for people to live. In this case, the house, with the permission of local authorities, can be destroyed on legal grounds. Before that, the person who lived in this house is evicted and given new housing. These and other legal issues require clarification provided by the lawyer. Legal issues always arise in the activities of any enterprise. It is necessary to produce products, which means to purchase raw materials, equipment, energy resources. finished products should be passed on to consumers. How to formalize it according to the law, explains a special lawyer - Legal Counsel. He draws up contracts for the supply of raw materials and shipment of products, resolves the legal issues of the enterprise with other persons. Legal advisers explain to people the essence of laws and documents. They can draft contracts between citizens and statements to various authorities. If a person needs legal advice, a legal adviser provides it. These are the main, but not all positions of lawyers. Legal knowledge is necessary for a deputy, businessman, banker and many others. Good legal knowledge can be obtained in educational institutions that train specialists in jurisprudence. These are institutes, academies, universities, colleges, technical schools. Accepted there after secondary school. First you need to pass exams well in some subjects that were studied at school. It is, first of all, history. You also need to show the basics of legal knowledge. Some of them you will get from this book. You also need to be able to write correctly and be able to express your thoughts. Therefore, to become a lawyer, one must start by doing well in school. Those who, while studying at a law school, take exams and graduate from a law school educational institution receive a LAWYER'S DIPLOMA. This document on education allows you to work as a lawyer. There are some not quite familiar words in this story about lawyers: law, crime and others. Of course, from his life everyone knows a little about these legal terms, heard them. But legal theory will help to understand them well. Legal theory is about what jurisprudence studies. It explains what the state is and what the law is for. So let's dwell on it for a bit. REINFORCING KNOWLEDGE
Test. Lawyers. For each correct answer - 1 point. The maximum test score is 3 points.
- -- A lawyer who advises on how to act according to the law and resolves legal issues in the activities of an enterprise is called:
- -- A lawyer who certifies legal documents for citizens and organizations in a special order is called:
- -- Document about higher education, confirming the qualifications of a lawyer is called:
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A LITTLE LEGAL THEORY.
Later, when people began to manage together: to cultivate the fields, engaged in crafts, cattle breeding, a new danger appeared. Aggressive wars began, and people had to unite in order to repulse the enemy. Only together it was possible to defeat the invaders. Now that man has practically conquered nature, and wars are becoming less and less common, we must also unite. For example, it is very difficult for one person to create a modern car. So someone is responsible for the idea of a car. Another person is responsible for developing the technical documentation. The third supervises the assembly of the car from various parts in the workshop. Finally, the fourth one tests the finished car. Here we also see the unification of people: in their joint work. (Figure of four windows, each of which contains the above stage of car production). It has always been better and more effective for a person to act together with other people than alone. Therefore, it is natural for a person to unite with other people on the basis of common interests. But not every association of people is permanent. The team of people who cultivate the field may disintegrate after the harvest. However, there is an association of people who interact with each other constantly. For example, there was an earthquake somewhere. Destroyed houses, roads, no food and drinking water. Installed general rules. All people, even if they were not affected by the earthquake, help the victims. They are clearing rubble, helping to rebuild houses, treating the injured and supplying them with food. This happens thanks to common organization. Such an association of people is natural. It is explained by the need for the joint survival, existence and development of mankind. Such an association of people is called a society. It is no coincidence that they say that man is a social being. SOCIETY - a group of people with common rules of conduct, united on the basis of common interests for constant mutual cooperation. Society developed gradually. At first, in primitive times, society was limited to blood relatives. In the tribal community, all relatives worked together, explored nature and new territories together, fought enemies. Leaders were chosen to govern members of the clan. Meetings of representatives of the family could also make binding decisions for all. So habits were formed - general rules of behavior, once adopted and constantly applied. Customs established the rules of labor, family relations, and religious rites. Primitive society existed so that members of the genus could survive. The tools of labor were primitive, everyone worked, and power was provided by everyone. All property was shared. There was no separate administrative apparatus and bodies ensuring the implementation of customs. They did everything together, and the customs were carried out out of habit and under the influence of the whole family. Tools of labor improved. Gradually there was a division of labor: some cultivated the land, others were engaged in crafts. After all, if one person does not do everything, but does one thing, he does it better. All this made it possible to obtain surpluses: society satisfied its needs for the most necessary things, and after that there was still a part of the production. There was a difference of interests between members of society - those who had surpluses did not want to share with others. On the contrary, those who did not have surpluses wanted to receive them. There were rich and poor. Therefore, another organization of society became necessary. In order for the poor and the rich to live in peace, and society to continue to exist, arose new organization society. This organization was the state. The state unites people under a single authority. This power is political in nature. That is, it equally does not take into account the interests of all people, as in a primitive communal society. Political power takes into account the interests of the majority of people or a particular group of people and ensures the existence of society. Power in the state should be sovereign, that is, supreme and separate from other authorities, for example, church or family. The state power establishes the same rules of conduct for all and ensures their implementation. The STATE is an organization of society in a certain territory, based on sovereignty and a single political power, which has a special administrative apparatus and issues rules of conduct binding on all, ensuring their implementation. Any state has the following characteristics:
- - Its own TERRITORY, that is, it is geographically located on a certain part of the earth's surface and has its own boundaries. - Has POWER in this territory. That is, all, there are certain bodies that establish common rules for all behavior in a given territory, govern the state, and monitor the implementation of laws. -- SOVEREIGNTY. That is, among all the authorities that exist in society: family, church and others, state power is the main one in the sphere of public affairs. On the other hand, sovereignty means that different states should not interfere in each other's affairs and should recognize the equality and independence of other states. -- Only the state has the right to issue laws (mandatory for all rules of conduct). - The right to establish and collect TAXES is given to the state and to no one else.
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Exercise. Who can legislate.
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Exercise. Who obeys the law.
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Exercise. Insert the missing concept.
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Exercise. Insert missing word
REINFORCING KNOWLEDGE Exercise 1. What is more important For the correct answer - 1 point. Which of the following normative acts has greater legal force: A) the law B) by-law. Exercise 2. The most important law of the state For the correct answer - 1 point. The most important law of the state is called: A) Decree; B) Constitution; B) order. Task 3. Find the false statement about bylaws Below are the statements. Some of them are true, some are false. You need to determine which is true and which is false. For each correctly found false statement - 1 point. The maximum score for the task is 3 points. By-laws: A) May be contrary to law; B) Must not be against the law; C) are published on certain issues of the life of society and may not comply with the Constitution; D) Must comply with the Constitution; D) are no different from laws; Check your knowledge rating If all the points are scored, the Magician Juris applauds you. Rating of excellent knowledge. If all points are scored minus 2 points - the rating of solid knowledge. If less points are scored - the rating of introductory knowledge. If you wish, you can write down the rating of your knowledge. For this meeting, I scored ____ points. This is a rating of ____________ (excellent, solid, introductory) knowledge. For this meeting and previous meetings, I scored ____ points. ... Meeting 43. Separate types contracts Not all contracts are the same. This is not difficult to understand by recalling cases with which everyone is familiar. After all, after the conclusion of some contracts, the property (car, apartment, food) passes to the acquirer forever, that is, to the property. Under other agreements, the property passes to the recipient only for a certain time - for use. In other words, different treaties have different legal purposes. In the first case, this is the transfer of ownership of the property, in the second - only the transfer of the right to use. But there are differences between treaties that have the same legal purpose. For example, there are different types of contracts for the transfer of property. After all, property can pass into the ownership of another person free of charge. That is without any payment. This is a GIVING AGREEMENT. If the property passes into the ownership of another person for cash payment This is a contract of sale. If one owner transfers his property to another, and in return receives ownership of other property, this is an EXCHANGE AGREEMENT.
For example, the boy Viti has a book that he has read. His friend Petya has another book. Vitya gives Petya his book for good, and in return receives Petya's book as his property. As regards treaties whose legal purpose is transfer of property to use, they share like this. If the property is not transferred permanently (temporarily), for money - this is a property lease agreement. In the case when the property is transferred for a certain period, with the subsequent return free of charge - this is a loan agreement. Things in respect of which contracts for the transfer of property into use are concluded must be non-consumable. That is, these things can be reused. For example, non-consumable things are a car, a bicycle, a TV set. They can be used many times. For these things, you can conclude a contract of employment or a loan.
Along with non-consumables, there are consumed things. For example, apple, pineapple, juice, ice cream. Concerning these things, it is impossible to conclude contracts for the transfer of property for use. After all, they can only be used once and cannot be returned after that. For example, to use an apple means to eat it. But under contracts of employment and loans, the return of the same thing is obligatory. This means that consumable items cannot be transferred under these contracts.
How to determine in which case to transfer property for money, in exchange for other property or for a fee? The answer is simple. It all depends on the parties to the agreement. As they agree, so be it. After all, civil law is a private law. It primarily takes into account the interests, will, desire of the participants in these relations. The state, with the help of civil laws, in many respects only tells the parties how to act, how to show their private interest. For example, by enshrining in law different kinds contracts, the state leaves the parties to choose which contract they would like to conclude. Contracts can be concluded not about property. The legal purpose of such contracts is provision of services or performance of work. With the help of services, the needs of others are met through the efforts of some people. Legal advice, preservation of other people's things, transportation by taxi - all these are services. Consider some types of contracts for provision of services. One of them is the contract of carriage . Under a contract of carriage, one party (the carrier) undertakes to transport a passenger or any cargo to its destination for a certain fee. For example, when the boy Vitya and his parents went to the sea in the summer to relax. They bought a train ticket and thus got to the resort. Moving by train is a type of contract of carriage. next view contracts for the provision of services is a storage contract . Under the CONTRACT OF STORAGE, one party (the custodian) undertakes to store the property transferred to it by the other party (the bailor) and return this property in safety. In other words, if the owner of the property does not want to leave the property unattended, he transfers this property for a while to another person (custodian). The custodian looks after the property and must return it to the bailor safe and sound. The storage agreement can be both paid and free of charge. CONTRACT OF ORDER also refer to service contracts. Under an agency agreement, one party (attorney) undertakes to perform certain legal actions on behalf and at the expense of the other party (principal). For example, an attorney on behalf and in the interests of the principal can conclude transactions (sales, exchanges, and others). Such an agreement is possible only with mutual trust of one and the other side. After all, when concluding transactions, the attorney does not act on his own behalf, but on behalf of the trustee. The following group of contracts has a legal purpose performance of work. As a result of the performance of work, due to the actions of some persons (performers), a certain product is produced for other persons (customers). An example of a work contract is a CONTRACT. Under a contract, the contractor undertakes, for a fee, to perform certain work on the instructions of the customer from his or his materials, and the customer undertakes to accept the work performed. For example, the boy Vitya was bought a computer. The boy's neighbor Vitya is a carpenter. Witin's dad ordered him, and he agreed to make a table for the computer. As a result, the table was made and Vitya was able to work comfortably on the computer. So in ordinary life, a work contract can be applied.
The legal purpose of some treaties is Team work. Under a JOINT ACTIVITY AGREEMENT, several persons reach an agreement on joint actions to achieve a specific goal. For example, a dairy and an advertising agency enter into an agreement on joint activities, and together carry out a program to promote "Supermilk" to the market. At the same time, the efforts of the dairy and the advertising agency are mutually combined. Dairy plant on modern equipment produces tasty, high-quality and healthy milk. Advertising agency develops and conducts in the press, on radio and television advertising company, which clearly and vividly convinces of the benefits of "Supermilk". Due to joint actions, the production and sales of "Supermilk" increase, and the participants in joint activities receive profit. (Fig. The chef in the cap holds in one hand a package with the inscription "Supermilk", and the other hand is extended forward, the thumb is on top, the rest of the fingers are bent, i.e. the sign: "In!"). REINFORCING KNOWLEDGE Exercise 1. Legal Purpose of Contracts Below are the various answers. Select from them those that correspond to the legal objectives of the treaties. For each correct answer - 1 point. The maximum score for the exercise is 4 points. The contract may have the following legal purpose: A) transfer of property into ownership; B) restriction of the rights of another person; B) provision of services; D) damage to the interests of the state; D) performance of work; E) transfer of property to use. Exercise 2. Sell, donate or exchange? Each correct answer is worth 1 point. The maximum score for the exercise is 3 points. Insert the missing words from the suggested options. If you own property, you can: A) for his money ... ( sell, exchange, donate); B) this property is free .... (sell, exchange, give); C) for something of his ... (sell, exchange, give). Check your knowledge rating If all the points are scored, the Magician Juris applauds you. Rating of excellent knowledge. If all points are scored minus 2 points - the rating of solid knowledge. If less points are scored - the rating of introductory knowledge. If you wish, you can write down the rating of your knowledge. For this meeting, I scored ____ points. This is a rating of ____________ (excellent, solid, introductory) knowledge. For this meeting and previous meetings, I have earned ____ points.
Meeting 1. Who are lawyers. How to become a lawyer I. A LITTLE LEGAL THEORY. Meeting 2. What is society and the state. Meeting 3. What is the law Meeting 4. What is the rule of law. Meeting 5. How one state differs from another. Meeting 6. Mechanism of the state. Meeting 7. The concept of law. Basic systems of law. Meeting 8. Principles of law Meeting 9. Differences in legal knowledge. Why is jurisprudence divided into branches of law Meeting 10 Rules of law Meeting 11. Legal institutions Meeting 12. What are legal acts. Meeting 13. What are the normative legal acts. The Power of Regulations Meeting 14. Legal Relations Meeting 15. Legal Facts Meeting 16. Lawful and Illegal Behavior. Types of offenses. Meeting 17. What is legal responsibility. ??. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Meeting 18. The Constitution is the fundamental law of the state. Structure (internal construction) of the Constitution. Meeting 19. Citizenship Meeting 20. The concept, emergence and legal consolidation of human rights Meeting 21. The content and generation of basic human rights Meeting 22. What is direct and representative democracy Meeting 23. Parliament - the legislative body of the state Meeting 24. Who heads the state Meeting 25 State Executive Bodies Meeting 26. Justice Meeting 27. Constitutional Court Meeting 28. Local self-government III. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Meeting 29. What is administrative law and why is it necessary Meeting 30. Methods of administrative and legal influence Meeting 31. Administrative offense. Types of administrative offenses Meeting 32. Types of administrative penalties IV. CRIMINAL LAW Meeting 33 criminal law Meeting 34. The concept, signs and elements of a crime Meeting 35. Criminal punishment Meeting 36. Certain types of crimes V. CIVIL LAW Meeting 37. What does civil law study Meeting 38. Participants of civil legal relations Meeting 39. What is a transaction Meeting 40. Ownership Meeting 41. What is an obligation Meeting 42. What is a contract Meeting 43. Certain types of contracts Meeting 44. Non-contractual obligations. Meeting 45. Inheritance legal relations Meeting 46. Intellectual property VI. FAMILY LAW Meeting 47. What does family law study Meeting 48. Marriage and the family Meeting 49. Spouses' property Meeting 50. Rights and obligations of parents and children. Alimony Meeting 51. Custody and guardianship. Adoption (adoption) VII. FINANCIAL RIGHT Meeting 52. Financial activities State Meeting 53. State budget Meeting 54. Taxes Meeting 55. Monetary circulation. Currency operations VIII.Labour law Meeting 56 labor law Meeting 57. Employment contract Meeting 58. Work time and rest time Meeting 59. Pay IX. Land law Meeting 60. What does land law study Meeting 61. Land fund Meeting 62. Ownership of land. land use x. Criminal Procedure Law Meeting 63. Why criminal procedure law is needed Meeting 64. Participants in criminal proceedings Meeting 65. Evidence in criminal proceedings Meeting 66. Sources of evidence Meeting 67. Criminal proceedings. Preliminary investigation Meeting 68. Consideration of a criminal case in court XI. CIVIL PROCEEDINGS Meeting 69. The concept of civil procedural law Meeting 70. Subjects of civil process Meeting 71. Consideration of civil cases in court
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Information about the work-- Title - Cognitive jurisprudence for children and adolescents -- Information about previous publications - not published - Intended readership - children from 9 to 13 years old - Volume of the work - 190 pages in the presented format
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Information about the author of the work-- Full name - Michurin Evgeny Alexandrovich -- Position, place of work - Professor of Kharkov national university of Internal Affairs - Academic degree - Doctor of Law - Published works of authorship - Contracts with housing (2001), Changes in the legislation of Ukraine (2001), Pravochini z Zhitl (2003), Pravochini. Zrazki notarial documents (2004), Civil law Ukraine. Part 2. (2000), Zhitlov's right of Ukraine (2001), Zhitlov's right of Ukraine. Other sightings, changes and additions (2003), Notarial acts issued by notaries of Ukraine (2004). There are more than 150 publications in jurisprudence in total. -- Address: 61183, Kharkov, PO box 11263 -- Tel.: home - 778-34-80, work - 503-060, 503-154, mobile 066-239-51-78
