A lot of aspiring entrepreneurs try to get funding for their ideas in banks. I will say right away - there are very few banks that give loans just for the idea. So you need to look for money for your undertakings from third-party investors or venture funds. The main document that is required for this is a business plan for the project. In that article, we will talk about the basic requirements that apply to business plans.

What is a business plan? I will say right away: how many times have I encountered similar - different banks and funds have completely different understanding of what is meant by this. On the Internet you will find a lot of proposals for the preparation of business plans. For a good document, you will be required to pay 80,000 - 150,000 rubles. Don't be in a hurry to spend that kind of money. To get started, ask the bank or fund where you plan to ask for money - what should be reflected in the business plan. In this article, we will cover the main sections for a complete business plan. I emphasize once again: it is not a fact that absolutely all sections will be needed by a future investor. Some banks, by the way, are wary of 500-page business plans - it seems to them that a catch is hidden in this “water”.

The very first section, it can be as short as possible - this is a description of the business. What are you actually going to do. It is not necessary to paint absolutely everything in detail, the main theses will be enough. In this section, you must convincingly present your competitive advantages : how you will fundamentally differ from other competitors, why they will buy a product or service from you.

The next section is marketing research market for a product or service. The future investor must be convinced that there is a market, there will be buyers. It is very useful to find or make your own assessment of the market capacity, relatively speaking, how much goods can be sold per month in principle. Further, the business plan should contain description of competitors: how many firms are already on the market and what share you can “pull” on yourself.

The most important section follows. It is important for a bank or other future investor to see an estimate of the volume of sales and revenue that you can relatively realistically receive by implementing your project. This so-called revenue section. It is he who will be interested in those who will give money, and what income is expected from the project, from which, in fact, the loan or loan will be repaid. In fact, this is the most difficult section. It is for marketing research and an assessment of future income that companies that offer business plan development take the main money.

The next section of the business plan is planned expenses. Here, of course, everything is simpler than with the income section, it is easier to calculate expenses. Here it is necessary to distinguish two subsections: initial (investment, one-time) expenses and regular (those that will be monthly). The latter must be divided into permanent (rent, , communications, transport, etc.) are those that are in no way connected with the volume of sales or the provision of a service; and variables - in essence, the calculation of the cost estimate for the sale of a unit of goods or the provision of a unit of service. Do not forget about taxes in the system of taxation you choose.

Based on this, you can calculate - and the business, in principle, is started profitable? You will “estimate” income, calculate expenses. I will say right away: if the profitability is less 40% per annum, most likely, you will be denied funding.

Next, you need to plan cash flow– flow Money. It is compiled on the basis of the previous calculation of profitability. How is it fundamentally different? To start production, you may need to purchase raw materials first. Economic logic suggests that it is better to have a large stock and get a good discount from suppliers, this will ultimately affect profitability very positively. However, it is not a fact that your future buyers will pay you immediately at the time of shipment (for example, networks such as Auchan or Metro pay suppliers within a month after a full shipment). So in this section you need to correlate income and expenses for each month.

Based on this financial plan you will immediately take away yourself how much money you basically need for the project, corny in terms of the size of the “gap” (the difference between the receipt of money from buyers and payments to suppliers). This is what banks and investors will look at first of all - this is actually the rationale for the required investments. The second point - according to this plan, you can immediately see payback point, that is, exits to a positive financial flow and can be calculated when the investments “rebound” and begin to generate income.

Speaking between us, for many banks it is enough to plan the financial flow and calculate the profitability - and this is 30% of the business plan. From these sections, basic indicators are easily calculated, according to which business projects are compared with each other - IRR and NPV. How to calculate them, you can see on the Internet - these are the basics of financial mathematics. Well, if you don’t calculate them yourself, it’s okay - banks or investment funds will be able to calculate them themselves based on the information described above.

In principle, for an initial conversation with future investors, you can offer a short essay containing:
- description of the project;
- need ininvestments;- payback period of investments;- business profitability after the project reaches self-sufficiency.

If the initial information is of interest to an investor or a bank, you will most likely be offered a standard form in which you will enter extended information on the project.

A bank loan can be obtained not only by already operating companies, but also by entrepreneurs taking their first steps in business. Financial institutions often issue a loan against a business plan that justifies the profitability of the future business.

What is a business plan and why does a bank need it

A business plan is a detailed description of business processes and projects, the implementation of which will allow the company to receive the expected profit in deadlines with the necessary investment.

For a bank, this document is a kind of forecast of profit and repayment of loans and interest on time.

Bank loans under a business plan can be obtained in the following cases:

• Startup. The loan provides for the implementation of activities for the development of their own business. Banks issue a business loan under a business plan in this case very reluctantly, since there is no guarantee of its repayment;
• Expansion of an existing business. The business plan should contain calculations that clearly demonstrate how borrowed funds can help increase the assets and profits of the enterprise. In this case, to obtain a loan, you will need to collect a complete financial and accounting report on the operation of the enterprise. Preparing a complete package of documents is easier than it seems, if you entrust the preparation financial statements experienced specialists - for example, employees of the Glavbukh Assistant service;
• Investment lending. Issued usually on long term for the purchase of expensive equipment and most often for large and successful companies;
• Organization of a new type of activity in an existing business. Occurs usually with the stable operation of the enterprise in the main direction. The business plan provides a rationale for why it is unprofitable to spend your own assets and how borrowed funds will help you quickly reach the payback of a new business.

What does a bank business plan look like?

The business plans of enterprises in various industries or services can differ significantly from each other, but all of them necessarily contain four main paragraphs in one form or another:

• Project description for which credit is required. If some work on the project has already been carried out by the borrower, this may be a weighty argument for the bank in approving a loan for a business plan. It is advisable to attach a copy of the documentation on the stages of work performed, indicating the partners.
• Marketing plan. It is necessary to provide a list of existing and planned suppliers, consumers, partners. It is desirable to describe the sales market, characterizing it using quantitative and qualitative indicators, and predict the expected sales volume.
• Production or technological description. Businessmen often do not pay due attention to this part of the business plan. But, if the creditor will clearly represent the entire production or technological process, which is the basis of the project, it will be easier for him to assess its prospects. It is desirable to give here a clear scheme of the enterprise and a brief and understandable description of the technological process.
• financial calculation is undoubtedly the most important component of the project. It usually includes an investment part, a financial and economic justification and a calculation of the project's efficiency.

Is it possible to get a loan under a business plan "from scratch"

Banks are very reluctant to issue a loan for a business plan for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs from scratch - they account for no more than 5% in the lending market.

But if a novice businessman has a solid guarantor and a positive credit history, then the chances of getting a loan even under a “zero” business plan increase.

You can read about other ways to find money to start a business.

How to get a business plan loan: instructions

• Study lending schemes in several banks and choose the right one;

Important! In some banks, there are franchise offers, using which, according to the terms of the lender, it is possible to increase the loan amount from several hundred thousand to three million rubles

• Register an IP or entity. This is very easy to do if you contact the Glavbukh Assistant service: experienced specialists will help you register an individual entrepreneur or LLC for free;
• Prepare the main business plan;
• If there are franchise packages, decide on a franchise, make adjustments to the business plan, taking into account the terms of the franchise offer;

You can read more about how to get a loan for a franchise business in this article.

• Prepare a package of documents for a loan and submit it to the bank along with a loan application;
• Upon approval of the loan, make the first installment and start the project.

The minimum down payment on a business plan loan is usually 20%. In some banks, its value reaches 50%.

How to get a loan under a business plan - requirements for a borrower

To increase the chances of obtaining a loan, it is desirable to fulfill all the requirements of the bank. Additional benefits appear with the possibility of providing collateral, the presence of co-borrowers or guarantors, a positive credit history of an individual (in the case of an individual entrepreneur) or a company.

Banks also pay attention to the age of the entrepreneur - applicants from 27 to 45 years old are most trusted - marital status, the presence of certificates of mental health and the absence of drug addiction, the willingness to do business in the region of the lending bank.

It is also desirable to confirm that the borrower does not have any debts and bad business experience.

You can find out about the conditions for lending to small businesses in the article.

When applying to a credit institution, a novice entrepreneur, in addition to the business plan itself, must submit a complete package of documents.

Documents required for obtaining a loan for a business plan

• Passport, military ID, SNILS individual entrepreneur or the founder and head of the LLC;
• Certificate of income of the entrepreneur in the form of 2-NDFL;
• Certificate of no criminal record;
• In the presence of liquid property - documents on the ownership of a private person or company;
• Information about all settlement accounts with statements, securities, shares, shares with supporting documents;
• Confirmation of a positive credit history;
• Permits for doing business, if necessary;
• Statutory documents, extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities or EGRIP.

For operating enterprises, when lending for business expansion, it is necessary to add the financial statements of the enterprise for the last three financial years to the main package.

Banks that issue business loans

Below are banking programs that involve issuing a loan for a startup.

Bank/program	Loan interest	Maximum amount, million rubles	Conditions
Sberbank			The term is 36 months. Without collateral and proof of income.
Sberbank Express bail			The term is 36 months. With a pledge.
Raiffeisenbank Express			The term is 36 months. Without collateral.
Raiffeisenbank Classic Light			The term is 60 months. With a pledge.
Raiffeisenbank several programs			Term - 60 months Without collateral
			The term is 36 months. Without collateral and proof of income

Banks that provide loans under a business plan for business development are shown in the following table.

Bank/program	Loan interest	Maximum amount, million rubles
Sberbank Business project			The term is 120 months. Principal deferral, surety or pledge, 10% of the project cost must be secured by own funds.
Investment			Term - from 3 to 84 months. With a deposit and down payment.
SME development			Term - from 24 to 96 months. With deposit and down payment.
			The term is 60 months. With a pledge.
Raiffeisenbank Investment			Term - up to 120 months. With deposit and down payment.
			The term is 120 months. With a pledge. 20% of the project is paid by the borrower.

In all credit institutions, the borrower has the right to early repayment of the payment. The loan is issued without a service fee, but with interest in the amount of 0.1% for each day of delay.

For small business news, we launched a special channel in Telegram and groups in

Company

The implementation of the specified project will be carried out by the open joint-stock company "___________________".

The purpose of this society is:

Creation of production capacities for the production of ________________________ for

(regional markets) ___________________ and ___________ (foreign markets);

Creation and implementation of technologies; _____________________________

Construction of access roads and highways (if required);

Construction of service facilities (if required: indicate which ones).

Founders

Joint Stock Company "___________________" (address)

Property fund of _____________________ district (address)

Closed Joint-Stock Company "___________________" (address)

State Enterprise "____________________" (address)

The authorized capital of the Joint Stock Company is ____________ billion rubles, divided into _________ thousand ordinary registered shares with a par value of _________ thousand rubles each. each. By the time the company was registered, the founders subscribed to all _______ thousand shares (if not all, indicate how many).

The Company owns the right to use a land plot with an area of ​​______ hectares. Possible partners: ______________________________

Preliminary negotiations were held with the company _______________ on the supply of equipment, design surveys for the organization of production _______.

The binding of the project will be carried out by the design institute "" (address).

The initiator of the project has a good reputation in government, business and financial circles, which can serve as a prerequisite for the successful implementation of the goals.

Appendix 5

An example of a description of consumer qualities of products (mini-bakery "Russian bread".

Our bakery - bakery produces bread, bakery products from yeast dough. Bakery products are baked according to different recipes, different in taste and weight. All products are made from wheat flour of the highest or I grade. 3 types of loaves are baked. However, one should dwell in more detail on open pies, which are baked according to a special recipe. We intend to make them a "visiting card" and the pride of our bakery. Every day our assortment will consist of 15 types of products. Our product is an essential product, because. We care about the nutrition of people. Demand for bakery products is inelastic.

Among the features of our products, I would like to highlight the following: original taste; high quality; product freshness; appearance; technological superiority.

All manufactured products of the bakery are marketable due to the specific features of the baking industry:

Bakery products are consumed daily by the entire population;

Let out production belongs to low-transportable and is calculated on the certain microdistrict;

Limited terms of implementation;

The main raw material is flour, which is characterized by high transportability and relatively long shelf life.

We believe that, perhaps, not a novelty, but a rarity, our products will be on the market for a long time, because. There are no bakeries in the _____ area that use recipes similar to ours.

Our products are not protected by copyright. We wrote out recipes from magazines (“Bakery of Russia”, “Bakery production”, collections of technological instructions for the production of bread and bakery products, a reference book on baking production, a reference book for a process engineer and a reference book for a worker in the baking industry). Then we make changes to the recipes.

Significant money is required to develop a business, open new directions or start your own business. And it often turns out to be easier and more profitable to get a loan for a business plan than to withdraw money from circulation or, moreover, to make attempts to accumulate it.

In our article today, we will talk about how a “credit” business plan differs from a standard document of this kind, about its types and principles of preparation. In addition, we will talk about how to convince the bank of the success of a new business and, finally, get the necessary funds.

When do you need a business plan to get a loan?

A business plan is a kind of forecast that is based on the planned income and expenses of the enterprise as a result of the project. not easy - you need to have a large amount of knowledge in how to financial analysis as well as in marketing.

As a rule, obtaining loans for an organization does not require the borrower to present a prepared business plan. To make a decision, a credit analysis carried out on the basis of financial statements by its own specialists is quite enough for a bank. However, there are situations when a bank may require a business plan to obtain a loan:

• The borrower needs a loan to start a new business. Banks provide such loans very rarely, and loan programs require the applicant to write a business plan. Such a policy is fully justified: since the borrower has no income from activities at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the bank wants to make sure of its solvency in the future. A professional business plan, which reflects even the slightest nuances of activity, is the best suited for these purposes.
• When expanding an existing business (for example, you plan to convert to a factory). Since significant amounts of funds are required, the bank may request a business plan. This document will confirm that such investments will be effective.

Even if the bank does not request a business plan for a loan, the presentation of this document will be an additional advantage for the borrower.

• With investment lending. By this, banks usually mean large investments in the enterprise (acquisition of equipment, real estate, construction, etc.) with a long payback period. The term of the loan in this case is also quite large - up to 10-20 years.

Banking specialists do not have the necessary experience and qualifications to as soon as possible be able to evaluate investment investments, so a business plan for a loan is required. After analyzing it, it is possible to speak with high probability about the effectiveness of the project.

• It is planned to open a new direction in the current business (or purchase a new business in the complex). Banks usually issue for a specific purpose - either the purchase of goods, or the purchase of equipment, transport, real estate. Starting a business involves a wide range of expenses. To assess the validity and benefit, the bank requires the borrower to provide a detailed business plan.

How to write a business plan for a loan - differences and features

Now let's talk about how the "credit" business plan differs from the traditional one. Contrary to popular belief, there is a difference, and quite noticeable:

• The structure of the business plan remains unchanged - the changes concern only the content.
• If you look at any sample business plan for getting a loan, you will notice that it presents the information in a much more concise manner. So, the volumes of the first sections are reduced, and the most important information about the product competitive environment and so on.

This is justified - after all, bank loan officers need to study the information in a short time, so "extra" data is simply useless.

• It is necessary to describe in detail what exactly the borrowed funds of the bank will be spent on - this question will definitely arise.

Lending to enterprises is exclusively targeted, so the bank needs to know in advance what the money will be directed to.

• Financial section appears to be the most extensive. Here you need to indicate income and expenses not only for the case being opened, but also for others in order to justify the sources of funds for repaying the loan.

When analyzing borrowers, banks use a conservative approach. This means that they minimize possible profits and are attentive to risks.

• A business plan must necessarily include in the expenditure part a schedule for repaying the loan and interest on it. Common mistake enterprises is "forgetfulness" in relation to these spending.
• If we are talking about an entrepreneur, then his personal expenses should also be involved in financial plan- after all, they are usually produced from the profits of the enterprise. The bank must be sure that the income will be enough to pay off all liabilities.

There are a lot of details and important nuances when drawing up a business plan for a loan, and each mistake leads to an extension of the application consideration period. Moreover, having seen inconsistencies between different sections of the document, the bank may even refuse to issue a loan.

Also important is the ability of the head of the enterprise to protect the prepared business plan. If responsible person is not oriented in this document, this is a wake-up call for the bank.

If you are planning a loan for an enterprise to open or expand a business, you should prepare for this issue in advance. This is especially true in cases where the bank requires a business plan from a potential borrower. We, in turn, offer a list of recommendations for the preparation and execution of an application - this will help you expedite the consideration of a bank loan.

• Try not to use the services of third parties to write a business plan. Quite often, according to the form proposed by the bank, the entrepreneur himself, his economist or accountant can draw up a decent justification for the loan.

Knowing the activities of the company "from the inside", you can much better explain the need for a bank loan and the benefits of it.

• If you nevertheless used the services of another organization, find out in advance whether the specialists have experience in writing business plans for banks.
• All agreements that ensure the purpose of lending must be prepared in advance. The bank is much more loyal to the borrower, who has already entered into preliminary agreements with sellers, tenants, and suppliers.
• The purpose of the loan should be provided not only by borrowed, but also by own funds.

If the share of your own investments is 20% or more, you will inspire confidence in the bank, as you are ready to risk your own funds.

• If you plan to attract a large and long-term loan, it is advisable to already be a client of the bank by that time. Ideally, the borrowing organization has already repaid several loans by the time of registration and has earned a good reputation.
• Particular emphasis in the business plan should be placed on the financial part, in particular on the forecast of benefits from investments.

In addition, be sure to write down the funds from which the loan will be repaid - it is desirable that even before the launch of the project you have sufficient income to pay.

• Marketing plan bank employees, as a rule, are considered superficially - the most important thing is that it does not contradict other sections.
• The person responsible for interaction with the bank (director, accountant) should carefully study the entire business plan for a loan before applying. Only in this case it is possible to promptly answer the questions that arise and provide the necessary documents.

Conclusion

Brief structure business plan for a loan

When applying for a bank loan for enterprises, most often only an application from the borrower and reporting are required - analysis of the project employees financial organization carry out on their own. However, there are situations when a business plan for a loan is needed.

This work can be done on their own or entrust it to professionals who specialize in such documents. In any of these cases, you should understand the specifics of preparing and protecting your application at the bank - this will be the key to a positive decision.

Dear readers! We will be grateful if you leave your ratings and comments about this article. Thus, you will help make the site even more interesting and better.

It is almost impossible to open a new enterprise without attracting borrowed funds. The NOST Group company offers services for drawing up business plans for obtaining loans.

Implementation of the idea commercial enterprise or, as they say now, a startup, is always associated with risks. The company can burn out already at the beginning of its activity, create large debts. And its founder - to be in a position where you need to return the money to the bank, but there is no opportunity for this. That is why most large investment companies and other financial organizations issue loans to entrepreneurs under a business plan. This document, if it is drawn up qualitatively and professionally, becomes a kind of guarantee for investors.

The price of a business plan for obtaining a loan

Business plan loan: design features

This document is necessary not only to gain the trust and support of banks. It also helps to attract investors, partners and shareholders to the project, who will be ready to invest their own money in the development of an existing enterprise, as well as in the creation of new ones.

As for the process of drawing up a business plan for obtaining a loan, it is required to pay special attention to absolutely all stages of work. It is important to take a responsible approach to the collection and processing of preliminary data, as well as to the direct writing of the project. The specialists of the banking organization who will study and evaluate the document should get a complete picture of the economic and production aspects of the enterprise.

When deciding to issue a loan for a business plan, the bank must see:

• the size of the financing required by the enterprise;
• existing business development prospects;
• payback periods;
• the level of profitability of the project and the available loan repayment guarantees.

In simple terms, bank specialists, when issuing a loan for a business plan, must have full confidence that the project to create an enterprise is real and relevant, and all the funds received will really go to its implementation. And, consequently, the financial institution itself will receive a profit in the form of interest.

It is worth considering already at the initial preparatory stages of work that a business plan for obtaining loans has a number of important differences from a similar document intended to be presented, for example, to a potential investor. The fact is that when considering such documents, banking organizations practically do not pay attention to technical side question and, accordingly, production plan enterprises. The main part of the business plan for obtaining a loan is financial, since it contains all the data on the scheme of doing business, the timing of reaching the level of self-sufficiency and profitability, as well as the availability of guarantees for the return of borrowed funds.

To a greater extent, banks are interested in whether the enterprise or its owner has property that can act as collateral, or the ability to provide a reliable guarantee of third parties. Negative factors that practically reduce the chances of obtaining a loan under a business plan to zero are other loans with overdue payments, as well as significant accounts payable or receivable on the accounts of the enterprise itself. The ideal option is if there are no debts at all, and the credit history contains only positive information.

Loan under a business plan: what should be considered when preparing?

When developing such a document, it is worth soberly assessing the relevance of the idea and the state of the chosen market niche. When applying for a loan under a business plan, it is worth conducting a thorough analysis of the risks of the project:

• identify and analyze its weaknesses;
• think over and describe step by step measures to reduce risks or overcome the consequences of a negative impact.

In addition, it is important to consider the quality and variety marketing strategy. The customer acquisition plan should be designed for a sufficiently long period and include whole line events. When planning to apply for a loan under a business plan, its initiators should take into account such a factor as the ratio of loan terms and speed trading operations. Otherwise, you may encounter a situation where serious debt obligations will begin to put pressure on the owner of the enterprise much earlier than his business will bring sufficient profit.

Another factor that should be taken into account by business plan loan applicants is the economic situation in the country and region, as well as the state of affairs in a particular industry. From external factors, undoubtedly, almost half of the success of any enterprise depends, therefore it is extremely dangerous to neglect them.

Business plan for getting a loan: typical writing mistakes

If it is planned to attract financing from the outside to start the project, it is necessary to carry out all the necessary preparatory work as responsibly and carefully as possible. A loan under a business plan can only be obtained if it can be minimized, and it is better to avoid it altogether. common mistakes when preparing such documents.

Among the most common mistakes of compilers:

1. Incorrect indication of the type of activity, products, location, software products used in the formation of the financial part of the project, the sources of its financing.
2. Errors in accounting and planning future income and expenses.
3. Construction of erroneous financial calculations, incorrect indication of the main financial indicators project, drawing up documents with errors.
4. Incorrect assessment of project risks.
5. Use of incomparable or outdated prices in calculations.
6. Not included in the prices of the cost of delivery and installation.
7. Insufficient study of the demand for a product or service, and, as a result, an incorrect determination of the design capacity of the enterprise.

Advantages of drawing up a business plan for obtaining a loan from NOST Group

The company's specialists, having vast experience in drafting, adjusting and implementing projects, improve their approaches and skills every day. When ordering a business plan from us for obtaining a loan, the client can be sure that the company's experts will rely on the requirements of a particular financial institution when drawing up a document. This means that it will have a structure, content and design that fully meets the selection criteria of the lender of interest to the customer.

When planning to get a loan for a business plan, use our services! Among their benefits:

• The strictest observance of terms of performance of the order.
• A personal manager for each client, who helps to promptly make adjustments to the project.
• Quality Assurance: Free revisions, presentation assistance and related consulting services.

In order to get a guaranteed loan for a business plan, order the preparation of this document by NOST Group specialists.

The terms for developing business plans on average range from 4 to 20 working days.