slide 1
Moscow Kremlin and Red Square
Completed by: Novikova Daria
slide 2
The main square of Moscow is located along the northeastern wall of the Kremlin. The streets leaving the square branch out and merge into the main thoroughfares of the city, leading to different parts of Russia. On the square are Place of execution, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky, the Mausoleum of V. I. Lenin, next to which is the Necropolis near the Kremlin wall, where figures (mainly political and military) are buried. To the west of the square is the Moscow Kremlin, to the east - the Upper (GUM) and Middle malls, to the north - the Historical Museum and Kazan Cathedral, to the south - St. Basil's Cathedral (Pokrovsky Cathedral). The total length of Red Square is 330 meters, width - 75 meters, area 23,100 m².
slide 3
The Moscow Kremlin is a symbol of Russian statehood, one of the largest architectural ensembles in the world, the richest treasury of historical relics, monuments of culture and art.
Located in the center of the capital on a high hill above the Moscow River
slide 4
Historical Museum
Founded 1872
Kazan Cathedral
Founded 1625
slide 5
Intercession Cathedral
Founded 1561
Intercession Cathedral was built in the 16th century by order of Ivan the Terrible in memory of the capture of Kazan. According to one version, one of the architects was the famous Pskov master Postnik Yakovlev. According to legend, the architects of the cathedral were blinded by order of Ivan the Terrible so that they could no longer build such beauty.
slide 6
Assumption Cathedral
Erected 1475-1479
Blagoveshchensky cathedral
Erected 1484-1489
Slide 7
Ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin
The ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin has evolved over many centuries. And today it includes architectural monuments of the XIV-XX centuries. First of all, it is the fortress itself, whose powerful walls and towers define the panorama of the ancient part of Moscow, and on the territory of the Kremlin - golden-domed temples, ancient towers and chambers, majestic palaces and front administrative buildings.
RED SQUARE Red Square is the central square of Moscow adjacent to the Kremlin. Formed at the end of the 15th century. Initially, it was a trading square, then from the 16th century ceremonial events took place on it, and it began to be called Krasnaya (beautiful) from the second half of the 17th century. Red Square is the central square of Moscow adjacent to the Kremlin. Formed at the end of the 15th century. Initially, it was a trading square, then from the 16th century ceremonial events took place on it, and it began to be called Krasnaya (beautiful) from the second half of the 17th century. The Kremlin In the years erected the Intercession Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral). In 1818, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky was erected. At the end of the 19th century, the Historical Museum, GUM (formerly the Upper Trading Rows) were built. In the years, the mausoleum of V.I. Lenin was built. There are graves near the Kremlin wall, and urns with the ashes of prominent Soviet figures in the wall. From Red Square, the distance is measured along all highways leading from Moscow. In the years, the Pokrovsky Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral) was erected. In 1818, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky was erected. At the end of the 19th century, the Historical Museum, GUM (formerly the Upper Trading Rows) were built. In the years, the mausoleum of V.I. Lenin was built. There are graves near the Kremlin wall, and urns with the ashes of prominent Soviet figures in the wall. From Red Square, the distance is counted along all highways from Moscow. Pokrovsky Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral) monument to Minin and Pozharsky
The Moscow Kremlin is the geographical and historical center of Moscow, located on the left bank of the Moskva River, on Borovitsky Hill, the most ancient part of the city, currently the residence supreme bodies of the state power of Russia and one of the main historical and artistic complexes of the country, the Moscow Kremlin is the geographical and historical center of Moscow, located on the left bank of the Moscow River, on Borovitsky Hill, the most ancient part of the city, which is currently the residence of the highest bodies of state power in Russia and one of of the main historical and artistic complexes of the country
Cathedrals of the Moscow Kremlin Assumption Cathedral Assumption Cathedral Assumption Cathedral Assumption Cathedral Annunciation Cathedral Annunciation Cathedral Annunciation Cathedral Annunciation Cathedral Archangel Cathedral Archangel Cathedral Archangel Cathedral Archangel Cathedral
Assumption Cathedral The Assumption Cathedral is a cathedral located on the Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin. Built in the years under the direction of the Italian architect Aristotle Fioravanti. Cathedral, located on the Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin. Built in the years under the direction of the Italian architect Aristotle Fioravanti. Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin by Aristotle Fioravanti Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin by Aristotle Fioravanti
Annunciation Cathedral is a cathedral located on the Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin. Cathedral, located on the Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin. cathedral square of the Moscow Kremlin cathedral square of the Moscow Kremlin Built in 1489 by Pskov craftsmen on the site of an old cathedral from the beginning of the 15th century, it originally had three domes. The cathedral was seriously damaged in a fire in 1547 and rebuilt in 1564, with the addition of two domes on the western side. In 1572, a porch was added to the cathedral, which later received the name Grozny. Built in 1489 by Pskov craftsmen on the site of an old cathedral of the early 15th century, it originally had three domes. The cathedral was seriously damaged in a fire in 1547 and rebuilt in 1564, with the addition of two domes on the western side. In 1572, a porch was added to the cathedral, which later received the name Grozny.1489XV1489XV
The Archangel Cathedral is a cathedral located on the Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin. Cathedral, located on the Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin. Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin The cathedral was built in the years. under the guidance of the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin on the foundation of an old cathedral of the XIV century. In the processing of the walls, the motives of the architecture of the Italian Renaissance are widely used. The cathedral was built in under the guidance of the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin on the foundation of an old cathedral of the XIV century. In the processing of the walls, the motives of the architecture of the Italian Renaissance Aleviz FryazinXIV Revival Aleviz FryazinXIV Revival are widely used
25 Arbat Arbat is one of the most famous streets in Moscow, located between the Arbat Gate Square and Smolenskaya Square. Arbat, which has long become a symbol of old Moscow, is immortalized in poetry, prose, songs and films. Nowadays, by this name we mean a small street, which in last years became a pedestrian zone, but in fact the Arbat is a historical district of Moscow, which in 1993 celebrated its 500th anniversary. Arbat Street is one of the oldest streets in the Russian capital. Its exotic name comes from the Arabic word "arbad" ("rabad"), meaning "suburb, suburb". Arbat is one of the most famous Moscow streets, located between Arbat Gate Square and Smolenskaya Square. Arbat, which has long become a symbol of old Moscow, is immortalized in poetry, prose, songs and films. Nowadays, by this name, we mean a small street that has become a pedestrian zone in recent years, but in fact Arbat is a historical district of Moscow, which celebrated its 500th anniversary in 1993. Arbat Street is one of the oldest streets in the Russian capital. Its exotic name comes from the Arabic word "arbad" ("rabad"), meaning "suburb, suburb".
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Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested this work please download the full version.
Lesson 1 - a lesson in learning new material.
TOPIC: “Moscow is the capital of Moscow”.
Lesson 2 - sightseeing tour of the city of Moscow (visiting the Kremlin, Cathedral Square, Red Square)
TOPIC: "Historical sights of Moscow yesterday and today".
Lesson 3 - consolidation of the material covered.
TOPIC: “I love you city of Moscow”.
The purpose of these lessons is to introduce students to the capital of our Motherland - Moscow, with the history of its occurrence. The lesson is aimed at forming the image of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square as a unique complex of architectural and historical monuments. The lesson is provided with a presentation and a video clip (Appendix 1). Using the presentation is not limited to one lesson. The presentation can be shown at extracurricular activities, at classroom hours held on this topic. Presentation: makes a significant contribution to the formation of an information culture junior schoolchildren; they master various ways of obtaining information, use algorithms, models, schemes when creating presentations.
Purpose of the lessons:
create an emotionally positive basis for the development of patriotic feelings, moral culture when getting acquainted with the sights of Moscow and studying past and present events related to the history of the city.
Lesson objectives:
Educational tasks:
To introduce the symbols of Moscow (coat of arms, flag, anthem);
To develop the horizons of students, enrich their vocabulary;
To introduce students to the sights of Moscow;
Study of past and present events related to the history of the city;
To expand students' understanding of the city of Moscow;
Teach children to work individually and in a group;
To form in students the image of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square as a unique complex of architectural and historical monuments of the times of the Moscow state.
Educational tasks:
Education of a positive emotional and value attitude to the world around, spiritual and moral culture, patriotic feelings; the need to participate in creative activities;
To cultivate an aesthetic attitude to the sights of Moscow, to cultivate sensitivity, tactfulness of students towards each other, a sense of collectivism.
Development tasks:
Create an emotionally positive basis for the development of patriotic feelings;
Development of skills to observe, characterize, analyze, generalize, objects of the surrounding world, reason, solve creative problems;
To promote the development of students' speech, to teach to justify their answers, to develop spatial representations of students.
As a result of studying the topic: Moscow - the capital of Russia, the student must:
know/understand:
The name of the native country and its capital; native city of Zelenograd - a district of Moscow;
State symbols of Moscow, the capital of Russia (anthem, coat of arms, flag);
Moscow sights: the Kremlin, Red Square, Cathedral Square, Bolshoi Theater, etc.;
Description of individual historical events associated with Moscow (foundation of Moscow, construction of the Kremlin, etc.). Location on the map.
Determine the signs of various architectural buildings in Moscow;
Work with the plan of your city, in order to obtain local history information and work out elementary techniques for reading the plan and map;
Determine the sequence of historical events, correlate years with a century.
Use the acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life to:
Acquaintance with the city during excursions to places of historical events, historical and cultural monuments in order to get acquainted with the sights of the native city, the past and present of the native city;
Enrichment of life experience, solving practical problems through observation, measurement, comparison;
Satisfaction of cognitive interests, search additional information about the native land and city;
Protection of historical and cultural monuments.
Lesson equipment: computer, multimedia projector, interactive whiteboard, presentation, images of the emblem of Moscow, the flag of Moscow, the text of the anthem of Moscow, an audio recording of the anthem of Moscow, children's drawings, a video clip “I love you, the city of Moscow”, audio recordings of melodic music and songs about Moscow.
Required software: Computer, multimedia projector, interactive whiteboard, Microsoft Windows system, Windows Media Player, speakers.
1 lesson. Lesson learning new material
(Slides #1-30)
New information is presented in the form of a sequential series of presentation slides.
Suggested for viewing: Presentation
During the classes
I. Organizational moment. (Slide #1)
Checking the readiness of students for the lesson, reporting the topic of the lesson.
Checking homework.
II. The main stage of the lesson. Work on a new topic.
1) Introductory talk of the teacher
It is hard to imagine that once Moscow was a small village. On a steep hill between the Moscow and Neglinnaya rivers, people cut down a small town with axes in the middle of a mighty forest. The place was water, forest, fish, hunting. Water and horse roads intersected at the hill. It turned out to be a strong city, and they began to call it by the name of the river near which it stood - “the city of Moscow”. Scientists are still arguing about the origin of the name "Moscow". There is no single opinion on this matter. One of the versions is that the word “Moscow” means “wet place”. Moscow was first mentioned in chronicles in 1147. This year is considered the year of foundation of Moscow.
2) The symbolism of the city. Prepared student story. (Slide number 2-3)
Name the main symbols of the state. The children are called. (Slide #2)
Let's listen to the children's stories about the symbols of our country.
The coat of arms is the emblem of the city, it is depicted on seals, passports, banknotes, documents. The coat of arms is decorated with a shield with an iconic image of St. George the Victorious - the defender of the Fatherland, fighting the serpent. This coat of arms reflects the constant struggle between good and evil.
The flag is the image of St. George the Victorious in the center of a rectangular panel of dark red color.
The anthem is the main state song, which reflects people's love and patriotism. The hymn is sung and listened to while standing. Usually the music of the anthem is solemn, emotionally uplifted, and the words are majestic. So, the anthem is a solemn song glorifying our Moscow. Let's listen to an excerpt from our Moscow anthem. ( Slide #3)
3) Sights of Moscow. (Slides #4-6)
Conversation with children based on existing experience. Children tell where they have already been in Moscow, what they have seen.
4) Acquaintance with the Kremlin. Reports prepared students. (Slides #7-10)
The modern Kremlin is the center of Moscow. (Slide number 7)
Love for Moscow is inconceivable without knowledge and understanding of the past
The Moscow Kremlin is the oldest part of Moscow, the main socio-political, spiritual, religious, historical and artistic complex of the capital, the official residence of the President Russian Federation. It is located on the high, left bank of the Moskva River - Borovitsky Hill, at the confluence of the river. Neglinnaya. In plan, the Kremlin is an irregular triangle with an area of 27.5 hectares. The walls of the Kremlin are very strong. In fact, these are two brick walls, the space between which is filled with cobblestones.
The historical past of the Kremlin. (Slide number 8)
The first settlement on the site of the Kremlin appeared about 4,000 years ago. This has been established by archaeologists. Fragments of clay pots, stone axes and flint arrowheads were found here. These things were once used by ancient settlers.
The place where the Kremlin was built was not chosen by chance. The Kremlin was built on a high hill, surrounded on both sides by rivers: the Moskva River and the Neglinnaya. The high location of the Kremlin made it possible to notice enemies from a greater distance, and the rivers served as a natural barrier in their path.
According to legend, at that time, not far from Moscow, there was the estate of the Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky. He liked these places so much that he ordered his son Andrei (later known as Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky) to build a new, much larger fortress at the mouth of the Neglinnaya River to replace the old, already dilapidated fortress. This was the very first Moscow Kremlin, then still, of course, not made of stone. (Slide number 9)
Initially, the Kremlin served as a fortification of the Krivichi settlement, which arose on Borovitsky Hill, a cape at the confluence of the river. Neglinnaya to the Moscow River. The first chronicle mention of Moscow dates back to 1147. In 1156, the first fortifications with a total length of about 850 meters and an area of about 3 hectares were built on the territory of the modern Kremlin. The fortification was surrounded by a moat 16-18 m wide and at least 5 m deep. The earth rampart was about 14.5 m wide and 7 m high. For those times it was a typical average Russian fortress. The shaft was reinforced with oak beams, fastened in the Polish manner. In 1238, during the Mongol-Tatar invasion, the Kremlin was destroyed. Since 1264 it was the residence of the princes of Moscow. In 1339 the oak walls and towers were built.
In 1367, under Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, the wooden walls of the Kremlin were replaced by walls and towers made of white stone. Since this period, the name “White-stone Moscow” is often found in the annals.
In the years 1485-95, under Ivan III, the fortifications of the Kremlin were rebuilt: new walls and towers were higher and thicker than the previous ones, faced with red brick. In 1508-1516, a moat was dug on the site of modern Red Square, the water to which came from the Neglinnaya River. The Kremlin becomes an impregnable fortress, surrounded by water on all sides.
Kremlin towers. (Slides #11-15)
The Kremlin has 20 towers. All the towers of the Kremlin are named differently so that they can be distinguished from one another. The oldest tower is Taynitskaya (1485). The youngest tower is the Tsarskaya (1680). The most powerful tower is the corner Arsenalnaya. The lowest tower is Kutafya.
Tainitskaya tower of the Kremlin. (Slide number 12)
The Tainitskaya tower was named so because a secret well and a passage to the Moscow River were dug under it. This is the very first tower that was built during the construction of the Kremlin in 1485. The construction of all brick Kremlin fortifications began with it.
Kutafya tower. (Slide number 13)
The Kutafya Tower is the lowest tower in the Kremlin. This is the only tower located outside the walls of the Kremlin. This tower-shooter is needed for convenient shelling of attackers. The tower is connected by a travel bridge with the Trinity Tower of the Kremlin.
Trinity tower. (Slide number 14)
The travel tower of the Kremlin is connected by the Trinity Bridge with the Kutafya Tower. It was the first bridge across the Neglinnaya River. Built in 1499. Initially, the bridge was made of wood. The passage to the gates of the tower was protected by descending metal bars and steel gates. At night they were locked, and in the morning the city gates were opened.
Spasskaya Tower. (Slide number 15)
The height of the Spasskaya Tower is -71 m. The Spasskaya Tower had 10 floors (tiers). On the Spasskaya Tower there is the main clock of Russia - Chimes. The diameter of the clock on the tower is 6.12 m. The length of the minute hand of the clock is 3.28 m. The height of the numbers on the clock is 72 cm. There are 10 bells on the Spasskaya Tower. The weight of the watch is 25 tons. The watch has 3 weights weighing from 160 to 224 kg each. The pendulum of the chimes weighs 32 kg. At the Spassky Gates of the Kremlin in the old days there was a lively book trade(There were trading shops here, where they sold first handwritten and then printed books.)
Cathedral Square. Cathedrals of the Kremlin. Student reports. (Slides #16-20)
Assumption Cathedral. (Slide number 17)
The Assumption Cathedral stands on the site of the first stone church built by Ivan Kalita in 1326. The cathedral was built by the Italian architect Aristotle Fiorovanti. The cathedral was built on the model of the Assumption Cathedral of the XII century in the city of Vladimir. The cathedral served as the tomb of the Moscow patriarchs and metropolitans. The entrance to the building is, as it were, guarded by Archangel Michael and a guardian angel; above the arch of the cathedral are inscribed figures of saints. Above them is an image of the Virgin and Child.
Blagoveshchensky cathedral. (Slide number 18)
This is an elegant nine-domed cathedral with golden domes. It was built by Pskov masters as a home fortress of the Grand Duke of Moscow in 1484. The cathedral was connected with the royal palace by a special passage. The greatest value of the cathedral is the iconostasis.
Cathedral of the Archangel. (Slide number 19)
The cathedral was built in 1505-1509 by the Italian Aleviz Novy on the site of the ancient Archangel Cathedral, built under Ivan Kalita in 1333. The central dome is gilded, the side ones are painted with silver paint. The Archangel Cathedral is the tomb of the Moscow Grand Dukes and Tsars. There are a total of 54 graves or 46 tombs in the cathedral.
Ivan the Great belltower. (Slide number 20)
The most notable building in the Kremlin, its height is 81 meters. In 1329, on the site of the existing bell tower, there was a small church in honor of John of the Ladder. In 1505, the church was dismantled and a new one was laid on the site of the old one. The builders were Bon Fryazin and Petrok Maly. A belfry was added to the church. There are 21 bells on the belfry. The bell tower was the main watchtower of the Kremlin, from its height Moscow and its environs were surveyed within a radius of up to 30 kilometers.
The Tsar Bell. (Slide #21)
Tsar in Rus' is called everything that is outstanding, dominating over others. The Tsar Bell is considered the largest bell in the world. Its weight is 12,500 pounds, which is 200 tons. Its height is 6 m 14 cm, and its diameter is 6 m 60 cm. It traces its pedigree from the Great Assumption Bell.
Tsar Cannon. (Slide number 22)
The Tsar Cannon was cast by Andrey Chokhov. It was created in 1586 in Moscow, at the Cannon Yard during the reign of Ivan the Terrible's son, Fyodor Ivanovich. This was the result of the development of foundry in Rus' in the 10th century. The length of the gun is 5 meters 34 centimeters. The caliber of the gun is 890 mm.
Alexander Garden. (Slide number 23)
"Eternal flame". Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. (Slide number 24)
During the Great Patriotic War in December 1941 there was a battle near Moscow. Heavy fighting took place near the village of Kryukovo (now the city of Zelenograd). In the spring of 1963, a mass grave of the defenders of Moscow was discovered on the territory of school No. 842. The remains of the soldiers were buried at 40 km of the Leningrad highway, and the mound "Bayonets" was built. After some time, another mass grave was discovered. And it was from there that the ashes of the Unknown Soldier were taken. On May 8, 1967, on the eve of Victory Day, the monument “Tomb of the Unknown Soldier” was unveiled and an eternal flame was lit.
Grotto "Ruins". (Slide number 25)
Grotto "Ruins" in the Alexander Garden is a monument-reminder of the war of 1812. It was built in honor of the victory in the war over Napoleon.
Red Square. (Slide #26-30)
Historical Museum. (Slide number 27)
In 1872, the Polytechnic Exhibition was opened in the Kremlin, Alexander Garden. All of Russia, its achievements in various industries were presented in pavilions. There was no general history museum in Moscow. And prominent scientists and historians decided to organize the Historical Museum of Russia.
Monument to Minin and Pozharsky. (Slide number 28)
The first sculptural monument in Moscow. Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky led the people's militia in the fight against the Polish army in 1612. The attack was repelled. In 1815, it was proposed to erect this monument.
Frontal place. (Slide #29)
It is said that it was named so because it is located on a “vzlobe” - a steep cliff. It was first mentioned in 1547. At the frontal place, the heralds read out the decrees of the kings. Public prayers were held.
St. Basil's Cathedral. (Slide number 30)
Often this temple is called St. Basil's Cathedral "stone flower". Its correct name is Pokrova on the Moat. In 1552, the Russian army won a number of victories during the Kazan campaign. Kazan was annexed to the Muscovite state, the threat from the east disappeared. Tsar Ivan IV ordered to erect eight "cherished thrones (churches)", dedicating each of them to the saint, on the day of whose memory the victory was won.
III. Summary of the lesson.
This is where our journey ended. Tell us what you remember most about the lesson? - Does anyone want to visit Moscow? (Yes!)
We will continue our acquaintance with Moscow on a tour of Moscow.
2 lesson. Sightseeing tour of the city of Moscow
(visiting the Kremlin, Cathedral Square, Red Square)
(Slides #31-33)
Before starting the tour, we remembered what we had already studied in the previous lesson.
Remembered the rules of behavior on the street, the rules traffic, rules of conduct in public transport and in public places.
On the tour, we visited the walls of the Kremlin, went to the Cathedral Square, saw the sights of the Kremlin, then we went to the Alexander Garden. Then we laid flowers at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier, and then we went to Red Square. The children were able to take a closer look at the cultural and historical monuments of the city of Moscow on the excursion, remember everything that we talked about in the lesson. During the tour, the children answered the questions of the guide. Returning home, we were able to admire the beauty of Moscow at night.
3 lesson. Consolidation of the material covered
(Slides #34-40)
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
II. The main stage of the lesson.
1) Remember what they talked about in previous lessons, what they learned.
2) Remembered and read proverbs and sayings about Moscow. (Slide number 34)
Mother Moscow.
Moscow is the mother of all cities.
Moscow is not a city, but the whole world.
Whoever has not been to Moscow has not seen beauty.
In Moscow, kalachi, like fire, are hot.
Our town is a corner of Moscow.
In Moscow, every day is a holiday.
Moscow is a big village.
Moscow was not built in a day.
3) We discussed what the students remembered after the excursion, what they liked, where they would like to go on an excursion.
4) A conversation about the native city of Zelenograd, a district of Moscow. (Slides #35-38)
Zelenograd is my small Motherland.
5) A conversation about the historical past of Zelenograd. (Slide number 36)
During the Great Patriotic War in December 1941, there was a battle near Moscow. Heavy fighting took place near the village of Kryukovo (now the city of Zelenograd).
6) They remembered the symbols of their native city, listened to the anthem of the city. (Slide number 37)
7) Zelenograd is a young modern city of the electronics industry. (Slide number 38)
8) Competition of drawings about Moscow.
The children were asked to draw the city of Moscow or the district of Moscow - Zelenograd.
III. Summary of the lesson.
Guys, we talked about the city in which we live. You have looked into the pages of Moscow's history.
So, you have learned that the city of Moscow was built many years ago.
So what is our city: old or young? Why?
By age, our city can be called old, although in RUSSIA there are many cities older than Moscow. And in appearance, Moscow is unique, beautiful and young. And now it will depend on you whether she will be able to maintain her beauty for many years.
Let's watch a video clip and once again remember the history of Moscow .
slide presentation
Slide text: THE MOSCOW KREMLIN and RED SQUARE Completed by: student of grade 7a of the secondary school № 1 Nosov Vladislav Khabarovsk - 2009 Presentation in English
Slide text: Moscow Moscow
Slide text: Kremlin Moscow was founded in 1147 by the prince Yury Dolgoruky. The Moscow Kremlin is located in the center of the capital of Russia and it is a historical center of Moscow. The Kremlin is the heart of our capital. The history of its buildings dates back to the 11th century. There are 20 towers on the top of the Moscow Kremlin. The Kremlin wall stretches for 2 km and 200 m and it is 5m high. It looks great.
Slide text: Being a unique monument of the architecture, it is historically considered as the symbol not only in the capital, but also in the whole Russia. The most beautiful is Spasskaya Tower which is famous for its architecture.
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Slide text: Red square is the heart of our capital. It is the oldest and the most beautiful square in Moscow. It was built at the end of the XV century. People from all parts of the world come here. They see the Kremlin with its famous monuments and museums.
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Slide #10
Slide text: The Architectural center Red Square was for a long time the public meeting place. There is a well-known monument to Minin and Pozharsky here. The sound of Kremlin Clock is known to all those who listen to the Moscow radio.
Slide #11
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Slide #12
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Slide #13
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Slide #14
Slide text: Across Moscow flows the Moskva-river. The Kremlin was a magnificent fortress made of red brick with high walls and lots of churches on its territory. The Kremlin is the seat of the Government.
Slide #15
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Slide #16
Slide text: The history of the Kremlin began in the X-th century. The Kremlin's main function in the past was to defend the population from the enemies. The ancient Kremlin was rebuilt a lot of times. After two centuries the wooden walls built by Prince Youri Dolgoruky were replaced by a fortification of thick oak logs in the reign of Ivan Kalita.
Slide #17
Slide text: A new white-stone Kremlin was founded in the reign of Dmitry Donscoy in the XIV-th century. At that time the Kremlin was one of the mightiest fortresses in Europe. Its brick walls and towers have been preserved to our time.
Slide #18
Slide text: The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower. has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Palace of Congresses, the Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world
