Some time ago I was told this story. Say, once at a meeting in the Pentagon they presented a report on the situation in Afghanistan. One of the pages of which was the relationship in the management structure of the Al-Qaeda organization (unfortunately, I cannot find this slide on the net, although it was googled 3-5 years ago). Visually, it was a completely insane ball of "pasta" with "cutlets" of centers and decision points. On this slide, one of the generals said: "When we understand this slide, we will defeat al-Qaeda."
Looking at the history of the privatization of Rosneft, I did not expect an end soon. And the news is not long in coming. True, every time the details appear more and more miraculous. For example, yesterday RBC got absolutely sensational information, as a result of which he drew his "pasta". "pasta", I'll attach next:
The sensation is that the acquisition deal was initially financed by VTB. Just for a week. On December 15, a loan was issued, and already on December 22, an assignment agreement (an agreement on the assignment of a debt to another creditor) was signed with ... VTB with Rosneftegaz! I just didn’t understand why RBC found the loan agreement between VTB and Glencore sensational, but they didn’t find the cession agreement between VTB and Rosneftegaz? In my opinion, this is the most “berry pulp”!
Judge for yourself, we will go through the stages of RBC with my clarification:
1) First stage: Rubles walk through the accounts
a. VTB gives a loan to the Glencore structure (exclusively Glencore, Qatar joined only a week later in the Singaporean subsidiary of Glencore, more on this separately) secured by Gazprom shares.
b. Glencore's Singapore subsidiary, QHG Shares Pte Ltd, paid Rosneftegaz this money for shares already pledged to VTB.
c. Rosneftegaz paid this money (and a little more) to the RF budget.
2) Second stage: Rosneftegaz closes the circle
a. Assignment agreement between VTR and RNG.
Do you know what happened after the cession agreement? No one owes nothing to nobody. Provided, of course, that Rosneftegaz paid VTB rubles under an assignment agreement. This is not yet known to RBC.
Once again, be careful! After paragraph 2-a, we have the following picture: Rosneftegaz issued a loan to Glencore secured by Rosneft shares, which already belong to him. That is, the shares did not leave the property of RNG. It could be assumed that the Glencore daughter (which became joint with Qatar) is, at least nominally, the owner of the shares. But! We remember that the Government, in a separate secret clause of the Decree, introduced a requirement for the future owner of shares - to vote only in solidarity with the state. You ask, what is the point of such an “investment”? Good question, to which I have only one answer - dividends. If they will.
That is, if earlier there were some hopes that the ownership right, at least nominally, had changed (even if in favor of the official Sechin), now there is not even a doubt that all the gestures were made for show, and the block of shares remained with the RNG. This is without regard to how one could relate to the predatory bureaucratic privatization of a state asset, or a bank credit scheme for buying for rubles, when it was required to sell it for foreign currency.
Yes, one more fact. We were told in December that loans to GiKu (a joint venture between Glencore and Qatar) were given on a non-recourse basis. Given the new information, it turns out that there is no “regression” to VTB either. Now Rosneftegaz has all the “regression”.
Point 100 level:
Rosneftegaz issued a loan to buy a block of shares from his beloved without the right to claim the buyer, while receiving these sold shares as collateral. Or does "sold" need to be enclosed in quotation marks? He must apply to himself for a loan repayment ...
So, we found out that everyone has already received everything, so why is there a third stage on the diagram? For visibility?!? With him, by the way, there is still a lot of fog. Intesa is said to have given 5.2 billion euros. And QHG Shares Pte Ltd (Singapore) is said to have paid 10.5 billion euros to Rosneftegaz. But she doesn’t owe anything to Rosneftegaz, why does RBC believe that QHG Shares Pte Ltd (Singapore) “repaid the debt”, but they already have “macaroni” number 2? Not to mention the above...
That's not all! Remember that the loan was secured by shares? Assignment implies the transfer of collateral to a new creditor - RNG. But from the commercial registers of Singapore and Britain, it turns out that on January 3, QHG Shares Pte Ltd (Singapore) transferred Rosneft shares to the Russian subsidiary of Intesa ... as collateral for a loan from Intesa Sanpaolo (Italy) in the amount of 5.2 billion euros. Once again, a package valued at 10.5 billion euros is pledged for a loan of almost two times less (they write that now this package is worth even 11.7 billion euros). It turns out that the package has already been pawned twice? Are there any violations here? I’m already silent that they took out a loan for the same deal twice!…
Okay, let's step aside. Have you lost the thread yet? I'll throw you some more "pasta" ...
According to RBC research, three companies were registered on December 5, 2016 (…Pte LLP): QHG Tradings, QHG Holding and QHG Investment. If I understand RBC correctly,
QHG Tradings as the owner of Glencore Energy UK (or its subsidiary)
QHG Holding - Glencore Energy UK and unknown QHG Cayman (Cayman Islands)
QHG Investment - QHG Holding (that is, two shareholders, see above)
As we remember, QHG Shares received the loan on December 15th. December 22 - assignment agreement. And at the end of December, the Qatar Fund appears in the owners. The ownership structure (shares) is not known, although it is stated that in QHG Shares, in the end, Glencore and Qatar have parity, that is, 50% each. It is curious that for this parity, Qatar entered both the partners of QHG Investment, and as a partner of its partner, this QHG Investment - QHG Holding.
QHG Tradings does not appear anywhere in the scheme, except for the documents of Rosneft in connection with the agreement to supply this company with oil and oil products, doubling the flow of sales of oil products through Glencore. Campaign, this is the only obvious interest of one of the buyers, there is no more, just as there is no interest in Qatar.
Without a doubt, when we understand this slide, we will defeat Rosneft…
When I worked as a teacher at a university, I periodically watched student presentations. The topics were the most useful, the material the most exciting. But the presentations were terrible.
Despite the fact that there are presentations in school curricula, they are made in almost all subjects (in all universities of the country), a good student presentation is worth its weight in gold. My attempts to improve the situation were not always successful - in educational program in a foreign language there is no separate time to analyze this important, but difficult topic. So time and time again, I've been killed by Comic Sans 12 typed text on an acid green slide. Again and again I watched how this text was read and then a clipart man flew out in a spiral.
This problem was described by Alexey Kapterev in the famous presentation "Death through Power Point (and how to escape from it)". I first saw her on English language and I really liked her. As well as several million Slideshare users. Then I became interested in the person who created this hit.
Everywhere, wherever the author was mentioned, it was about this presentation and about the book. "Presentation Mastery. How to create presentations that can change the world. The book was also attracted by the fact that it was first published in English and earned recognition in the Western market. But the topic of presentations and "selling ideas" has always been considered a "trump card" of Western experts - businessmen, their coaches and designers. In general, all these facts formed an intrigue, and curiosity made me buy the book.
General impression
The original title of the work is “Presentation Secrets. Do What You Never Thought Possible with Your Presentations" - literally "Presentation Secrets. Do with your presentations what you always thought was impossible.” (A heroic, ambitious and American-style indiscreet name, I think). As you can see, the translation of the Russian-language version has been slightly changed, but this “swing” to globality has been preserved. I agree with the author, because I also believe that the ability to convey a thought helps to do the impossible and solve the biggest problems. There are many historical examples of this.pros
1. The book is easy to read because it resembles a conversation or rather a dialogue-presentation. Alexey Kapterev puts questions and answers them, offers tasks to complete, jokes. Therefore, 330 pages of the book are read somehow quickly.
2. During the reading process involvement in activities. Quite unexpectedly for myself, I watched a four-hour film, which is mentioned in the chapter on storytelling. I looked through the most popular presentations in the world, which are written in the work. I visited several interesting sites. This is all organically woven into the narrative, which makes it possible to compare this book with a full-fledged training or several live classes.
3. Excellent in text combine theory and practice. The work is devoted, first of all, to practical skills and specific “working” tools. But to prove their effectiveness, the author uses scientific facts and the results of modern research. Therefore, all formulated rules and principles are convincing.
Minuses
1. Some rules and principles are idealized. Unfortunately, not all principles described in the book work in Russian reality. I had to make presentations to an audience of officials and the "American" goodwill and openness were perceived rather as stupidity and uncertainty.
In the minds of many Russians, the ideal speaker is not what Western authors portray him to be. Arrogant, despotic, not necessarily highly intelligent, not necessarily saying the right (and honest) things, the main thing is being rich and / or influential.
I've seen great performances by enthusiastic, persuasive, sincere experts that the audience didn't get. And I saw incompetent speakers unable to connect two words, and the audience laughed at unfunny jokes, nodded at slurred statements and sincerely clapped at the end of the presentation.
My observations (including the behavior of students) showed that "civilized" rules work in an audience with "advanced" viewers. Perhaps, for the Russian-language edition, a note is needed that some of the rules outlined are an ideal to which you need to try to “hold out” your viewers (or educate them within the framework of these principles).
2. Alexey Kapterev underestimate the role of memory in the presentation. He writes that memory modern world more and more rudimentary, because there is constant access to the network - the repository of memories. The only thing you need to strive for is impact - you need to inspire the audience to act and change. In education, it is impossible to inspire students to great things every day. It threatens emotional burnout the teacher and the student's feeling that he does not have to memorize anything, it is not necessary to constantly work. Motivation without realizing the need to strain the memory turns learning into entertainment.
What really needs to be convinced of students is that they need to work on themselves, develop, make conscious efforts to this. But then you need to shift the focus to the specific content of the work.
book structure
The logic of the presentation deserves special mention - it is superbly thought out. There is a 3 x 3 table on page 314 summarizing the contents of the book - these are the nine essential ideas about focus, contrast, and unity of story, slides, and presentation. The "skeleton" of the principles of high-quality presentation made up the content. Such a structure helps to remember the essence, to understand the connection of chapters and parts with each other.
After each chapter there is summary- this is very convenient, because in a few seconds, you can brush up on the contents of a chapter and use the book as a textbook or practical guide.
How to tell stories (chapter on storytelling)
At the heart of every good presentation is a good story (or several). Storytelling is the ability to arrange the necessary facts in a sequence and connect them with each other and with the purpose of the speech (the principle of unity).- the minimum goal is for people to heard,
- next goal - remembered,
- further - actions (went and done what you told them)
- and the maximum goal got better, changed, conquered the problem, as you showed them.
The story - the skeleton of the presentation - should appeal to the emotions of the audience, "hook to the quick." To do this, history must have conflict (principle of contrast).
Eat 4 types of conflict in storytelling:
- With myself(the hero has unresolved internal problems that are expressed externally),
- With another person / company(comparison of values or achievements, demonstration of the advantages of your hero),
- With the dominant paradigm(an outsider hero challenging such a big competitor or indestructible stereotypes, the myth of David and Goliath),
- WITH external forces (nature, fate, human capabilities, economics and other forces that must have some external expression, not be abstract).
- Recognizability (compare something new with the known, for example, a new MacBook Air fits in a regular document envelope).
- The birth of emotions (death, sex, politics, religion).
- Can be obvious (without a jacket, "Jimmy Two Jackets" would be a regular Jimmy).
- Avoiding unpredictable associations when comparing (for example, religious themes can give rise to a variety of associations, negative ones should be avoided).
To organize information, you can use list, but no more than 4 items- this is the limit of our short-term memory, according to the researchers.
- unifying metaphor,
- alphabet (acronyms, list letters make up a word),
- sequence of events
- hierarchy,
- categories (some unifying feature).
What You Need for Good Slide Design (Chapter Two)
In slide design, the author adheres to the ideas of G. Reynolds (the zen of presentation), Edward Tufte (design is not “decoration”, but meaning), J. Zelazny and other recognized “classics of the genre”.Slides should focus on sense presentations, its goals ( focus principle). The audience should not have a choice of what to look at, the design and presentation should clearly point to the main point in every idea and on every slide.
The meaning is gradually revealed in the story, in visual conflict, comparisons ( principle of contrast). To highlight, emphasize the main thing, a good slide needs contrast- in colors, font, shapes, diagrams.
Speaking about fonts, Alexey Kapterev formulates an excellent rule:
a sophisticated, complex font is good for memorization, while a light, simple font is good for a call to action.That is, the audience will remember the idea better in a complex font, but will do faster and more willingly what is typed in a simple font.
This rule doesn't just apply to fonts.
If the call-to-action slide is visually complex, then the audience is more likely to remember it, but less likely to take on the task.A productive idea is that diagrams must be "alive", they must contain dramaturgy, action, dynamics:
Most good charts either move something around or compare something to something.And the third principle is unity- that everything superfluous must be ruthlessly removed from slides. A convoluted, busy slide will "eat up" precious audience attention and presentation time.
How to give presentations in public (chapter on persuading people)
In the third chapter, Aleksey Kapterev shares the secrets of public speaking: how to behave in public, keep attention, answer questions, etc.To focus in the audience (especially if there are a lot of people), you need two things:
- Know the content of your presentation
- Look at individual people in the hall, communicate with them (do not “broadcast” into the void, abstractly).
Two excellent, effective, (tested on students) reception ridicule, helping to motivate people to action
- change of context (a vice inherent in the audience is attributed to another group and ridiculed; the audience laughs, condemns as if someone else's trait or behavior, but work on themselves).
- criticism with great exaggeration (the seven deadly sins of presentation).
Even though you are in the position of a teacher, be prepared to learn. If you don't want to learn, no one here will.Students asked: “Why do we need to make presentations at the university? They won't work for us!" But this question has never puzzled me. I answered approximately as the presentation master Alexei Kapterev says in the book that I advise everyone who speaks to the public to read.
Retrospective of all versions " Death via PowerPoint» (Death by PowerPoint). Best Presentation about presentations, which clearly shows how to avoid mistakes when creating a presentation.
Aleksey Kapterev will tell you how not to make presentations =)
In the footsteps of Death:
- Alexey Kapterev's personal blog, where is he (thecroaker.livejournal.com)
- Corporate cultures of using presentations (ailev.livejournal.com)
- Here you can download PDF: (pdf: realtimestrategy.ru)
- 1. Death through PowerPoint (and how to escape from it) Alexey Kapterev
- 2. There are 300 million PowerPoint users in the world* * estimated
- 3. They make 30 million presentations every day* * estimate
- 4. Approximately one million presentations going on right now* * estimate
- 5. 50% of them are unbearable * * conservative estimate
- 6. A LOT of people beat each other up with bad presentations. NOW.
- 7. They are all DEAD! Almost.
- 8. Vicious circle Poor presentations Communication problems Little training Relationship problems Little Little contract money
- 9. Let's make the world a better place.
- 10. Why are they doing this?!
- 11. What the science says: PowerPoint doesn’t kill people People kill people Unintentionally But regularly
- 12. Lack of: Meaning Structure Slides Rehearsals
- 13. Meaning
- 14. Why are you performing? To “get the word out”? l Because “you have to speak up”? l Or for the sake of meaning? l
- 15. What is the point of your presentation and why is it important to you?
- 16. How presentations work: Meaning creates passion Passion attracts attention Attention turns into action
- 17. Do you have passion? Test yourself.
- 18. This is passion.
- 19. This is passion.
- 20. This is passion.
- 21. This is not.
- 22. Can't find meaning? Refuse.
- 23. Structure
- 24. Structure is how the building blocks of your story are laid out.
- 25. Q: Which structure should I choose? A: Any as long as it is Persuasive Memorable Scaleable
- 26. Variants of structures Problem - Path - Result Problem - Solution - Arguments Something more complicated (meaningful)
- 27. Give them 3-4 arguments in favor. They won't remember more anyway.
- 28. ) Bright start 1 Detail... 1 argument 2 Detail... 3 Detail... 45 1 Detail... 2 argument 2 Detail... minutes 3 Detail... 1 Detail... 3 argument 2 Detail ... 3 details... Bright ending
- 29. It tells... l In 5 minutes l In 15 minutes l In 45 minutes It is scalable.
- 30. Slides
- 31. Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not easy.
- 32. However, making slides is easy - not so easy. Here are some examples.
- 33. A mixture of a slide and a document is called a "slidemoment".
- 34. Mm... nice background.
- 35. Wow, DATA!
- 36. This is my favorite.
- 37. Main problem?
- 38. PowerPoint helps: Visualize ideas Create anchor points Make an impression
- 39. It is used as: Subtitles “Prints” Data dump
- 40. People read faster than you. You are useless.
- 41. How much does a new slide cost? 0.00. Zero rubles. Break up. It's free.
- 42. What do you want to say? One thing? Now remove the rest.
- 43. Some people are just hopeless.
- 44. Stupid “rules” l Remember the rule: l 7 or less lines per slide l 7 or fewer words per line? l This is a stupid “rule” l If you follow it l You get this slide
- 45. Stupid “rules”! l Remember the rule: O N l 7 or fewer lines per slide R l 7 or fewer words per line? U R l This is a stupid “rule” C l If you follow it l You get this slide
- 46. Simple Rules One thought per slide Few colors chosen Very few fonts Photo, not clipart
- 47. Less text. More images. Bright images.
- 48. But what if I need to send or distribute slides?
- 49. Write a document
- 50. The Largest Leasing Companies Hansa Leasing WG Leasing Avangard-Leasing Raiffeisen Leasing MMB-Leasing Make 2 sets of slides
- 51. Use notes
- 52. Inform briefly* * you can!
- 53. Rehearsal
- 54. There are always problems with a presentation at the beginning. Believe me.
- 55. YOU PRESENT AUDIENCE Feedback. Look for her.
- 56. No one to tell? Tell the chair. But listen.
- 57. Check the gym and equipment. In advance.
- 58. Checklist
- 59. And as a result...
- 60. Wow* * great presentations
- 61. Alexey Kapterev Presentation coaching and design [email protected] www.realtimestrategy.ru
http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/85703
Design is the "new writing". Do you want your ideas to be competitive advantage- become a little designer.
The best designer of your presentation is yourself.
2. Put the facts in the form of a story
Storytelling is not about making up stories. This is the arrangement of facts in a sequence that gives them meaning.
I'm not just suggesting that you use stories as part of your presentation. I encourage you to transfer the story structure to the entire presentation as a whole.
3. Determine what is opposed to what
No story can work without a dark side.
If you missed the dark side earlier - during the presentation of all your thoughts - go back one step.
In the absence of conflict, the audience will get bored.
4. Draw the structure
Try drawing your structure as a process and you will feel the difference. As they say, if something cannot be drawn, then it cannot be done.
This means that if you don't have a good visual representation of the project, you will have a hard time when it comes to implementing it.
Let's face it, presentations are usually a cheap "wholesale" alternative to one-on-one conversation with each of the audience members. But that doesn't stop the presentation from being a conversation!
6. Don't force the listener to choose where to look
Listeners shouldn't have a choice of what to look at. You must direct their attention. In every second of your speech, the audience must be sure that they are looking in the right place.
7. Rehearse the speech, rehearse improvisation
First, just say the words out loud - that's the trick. When it seems to you that the words sound unnatural, it's time to start rehearsing improvisation. Relax and let the "flow" carry you.
